Endosymbiosis

Part I The heterotrophic eukaryotes.-

1. Mitochondria and the origin of eukaryotes, B. F. Lang, Montreal.-

2. Modifications and innovations in the evolution of the mitochondrial protein import pathways, V. Hewitt, T. Lithgow and R. F. Waller, Melbourne.-

1. The single primary endosymbiotic event leading to the Archaeplastida, W. Löffelhardt, Vienna.-

2. Insertion of metabolite transporters into the endosymbiont membrane(s) as a prerequisite for primary endosymbiosis, F. Facchinelli and A. P.M. Weber, Düsseldorf.-

3. Evolution of the protein translocon at the envelopes of chloroplasts, M. S. Sommer and E. Schleiff, Frankfurt.-

4. Evolution of storage polysaccharide metabolism in Archaeplastida opens an unexpected window on the molecular mechanisms that drove plastid endosymbiosis, S. Ball, Lille.-

5. Analysis of the genome of Cyanophora paradoxa: an algal model for understanding primary endosymbiosis, D. Bhattacharya, D. C. Price, Ch. X. Chan, J. Gross, J. M. Steiner and W. Löffelhardt, Vienna.-

6. Photosynthetic Paulinella-recapitulation of primary plastid establishment, H. S. Yoon, E. Ch. Yang, H. Qiu and D. Bhattacharya, Suwon and New Brunswick.-

7. Rhopalodia gibba: The first steps in the birth of a novel organelle?, S. Adler, E. M. Trapp, C. Dede and U. G. Maier, Marburg.-

9. Chromera et al: Novel photosynthetic alveolates and apicomplexan relatives, M. Linares, D. Carter and S. B. Gould, Düsseldorf and Sydney.-

10. Nucleomorph comparative genomics, G. Tanifuji and J. M. Archibald, Halifax.-

11. Protein import into complex plastids: current findings and perspectives, C. Grosche, F. Hempel, K. Bolte, L. Abram, U. G. Maier and S. Zauner, Marburg.-

12. Tertiary plastid endosymbiosis in dinoflagellates, P. Gagat, P. Mackiewicz and A. Bodyl, Wroclaw.-

13. Endosymbioses in sacoglossan seaslugs: Photosynthetic animals that keep stolen plastids without borrowing genes, H. Wägele and W, F. Martin, Bonn and Düsseldorf.

Born in Vienna, Wolfgang Löffelhardt studied chemistry at the University of Vienna finalized 1972 with a thesis on the biosynthesis of secondary plant compounds. During a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Marburg/FRG he worked on aromatic metabolism in chloroplasts and - for comparative purposes - in cyanobacteria. This prompted his interest in the endosymbiotic evolution of plastids. Back in Vienna, he became lecturer and then associate professor at the Insitute of Biochemisty and Cell Biology which is now part of the Max F. Perutz Laboratories. In 1978 he found his favorite organism, Cyanophora paradoxa, which he has studied ever since, largely in collaboration with Hans J. Bohnert (Düsseldorf/FRG, Tucson/AZ, and Urbana/IL). The peculiar plastids of this alga are surrounded by an unique peptidoglycan wall, a convincing proof of the endosymbiont theory. After his retirement in October 2008 he joined the Cyanophora Genome Sequencing Project headed by Debashish Bhattacharya (New Brunswick/NJ). The recently completed genome corroborated the concept of a single primary endosymbiotic event, i.e., the monophyly of the kingdom "Plantae".