Sustainable Refurbishment

Sustainable Refurbishment Governments across the EU and developed countries are increasingly being directed towards improving existing built stock as a key ingredient to meeting climate change challenges. This guide to green ‘retro-fitting’ for corporate real estate, facility managers and occupiers struggling to reduce their building’s carbon footprint will help in the planning and management of a sustainable refurbishment programme. Sustainable Refurbishment is structured into four parts: the first gives the context, together with an overview on sustainable development and refurbishment projects separately, and the value gained from a sustainable refurbishment. Part Two details the regulatory and financial drivers, together with market pressures, and provides an overview of where this is leading, giving the implications for sustainable refurbishment. Part Three provides technical support on carbon measures, helping to determine the feasibility of good practices as part of the refurbishment. Included is a review of energy efficiency, renewable and low carbon technologies and embodied carbon to enable lifecycle carbon calculations, together with the necessary behavioural change aspects needed to embed the changes. Linkages and benefits between the technologies will be highlighted. Part Four reviews refurbishment from a wider environmental perspective, understanding the challenges and opportunities that exist for particular developments from a materials, water, biodiversity and transport perspective. Throughout the book, checklists are provided on typical activities and best practice; these are expanded through relevant case studies and examples to show-case previous good practices and lessons learnt. The book’s structure allows a matrix approach, with Parts Three and Four containing the technical information necessary to deliver sustainable refurbishment. The book provides a much-needed link between policy-level commitment and detailed technical delivery. This easily digestible and authoritative review of the key issues in green retro-fitting is crucial for facilities managers; building surveyors; property managers/owners; and corporate real estate involved in sustainable refurbishment by offering the practical support needed to make it happen. OTHER BOOKS OF INTEREST: Sustainable Practice for the Facilities Manager Shah 978 14051 35573 Delivering Sustainable Buildings A Practical Guide for Contractors to Low Carbon, Energy Efficient and Renewable Technologies Malina 978 14051 94174 Facilities Change Management Finch 978 14051 53461 Enhancing Building Performance Mallory-Hill, et al. 978 04705 57591

Table of Contents:
Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xii Part 1 Introduction to Building Refurbishment 1 Chapter 1 What is Building Refurbishment? 3 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Definitions of Refurbishment 5 1.3 Building Refurbishment Market and Size 10 Endnotes 14 Chapter 2 Sustainable Refurbishment 15 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Overview of Sustainable Development 17 2.3 Sustainable Development and Building Refurbishment 29 Endnotes 33 Chapter 3 Occupant Evaluation 34 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Changes in Work Patterns 37 3.3 Pre- and Post-Occupancy Evaluations (POE) 38 Endnotes 45 Part 2 Managing Refurbishment as a Process 47 Chapter 4 Drivers for Sustainable Refurbishment? 49 4.1 Market Pressures 50 4.2 Return on Investment 55 4.3 Regulatory Incentives 60 4.4 Financial Incentives and Taxes 65 4.5 Climate Change 71 4.6 Corporate Responsibility 76 4.7 Skills 79 Endnotes 81 Chapter 5 Developing a Business Plan and Strategy 84 5.1 Costs and Risks to Refurbish 85 5.2 Barriers to Refurbishment 86 5.3 Delivering Commercially Viable Refurbishment 87 5.4 Factors to Consider to Improve the Performance 88 5.5 Defining the Strategy 89 Endnotes 89 Chapter 6 Managing Delivery 90 6.1 Delivering a Sustainable Refurbishment 91 6.2 Minor Refurbishment Approach 92 6.3 Major and Comprehensive Refurbishment Approach 94 6.4 Green Leases 96 6.5 ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standards 98 6.6 Energy Star 101 6.7 Managing-Delivery Checklist 102 Endnote 102 Chapter 7 Managing Impacts 103 7.1 International Standards 104 7.2 LEED and BREEAM 106 7.3 Project Sustainability Assessment 110 7.4 Performance Improvements from Standards 114 7.5 Behavioural Change 116 Endnotes 117 Part 3 Low-Carbon Technologies and Materials 119 Chapter 8 Energy-Efficiency Measures 121 8.1 Introduction 122 8.2 Refurbishment Options and Approach 125 8.3 Assessing Costs of Energy-Efficiency Measures 130 8.4 Fabric and Passive Energy-Efficiency Measures 134 8.5 Energy-Efficiency Measures – Mechanical 141 8.6 ESCOs and Energy-Performance Contracting 148 8.7 Energy-Efficiency and Low-Carbon Checklist 154 8.8 Health and Indoor-Environment Checklist 155 Endnotes 156 Chapter 9 Behavioural Change 157 9.1 Commissioning Buildings 158 9.2 Energy Conservation as a Behaviour 160 Endnotes 164 Chapter 10 Renewable Energy 165 10.1 Introduction 166 10.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Panels 168 10.3 Solar Thermal Hot-Water Systems 170 10.4 Wind Turbines 173 10.5 Biofuel Heating 175 10.6 Geothermal Energy 179 10.7 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 180 10.8 Heat Pumps 183 Endnote 185 Chapter 11 Embodied Carbon 186 11.1 Introduction 187 11.2 Embodied Carbon Standards 188 11.3 Varying Embodied Carbon Values in Buildings 192 Case Study 1 – London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA): Energy Case Study 196 Case Study 2 – 89 Culford Road: Extreme Low-Carbon Dwelling Refurbishment 202 Case Study 3 – Empire State Building to Become a Model of Energy 205 Endnotes 214 Part 4 Environmental Areas 215 Chapter 12 Material Use and Resource Efficiency 217 12.1 Introduction 218 12.2 Material-Certification Schemes 219 12.3 Material Procurement 221 12.4 Designing-in Sustainable Materials 222 12.5 Material Resource Efficiency 224 12.6 Site Waste Management 226 12.7 Materials and Resource Efficiency Checklist 230 Endnotes 231 Chapter 13 Water Conservation 233 13.1 Performing a Water Audit 234 13.2 Reducing Water Use 236 13.3 Rainwater Harvesting 238 13.4 Flood Risk and Sustainable Drainage Systems 240 13.5 Water-Conservation Checklist 240 Endnote 241 Chapter 14 Biodiversity 242 14.1 Introduction 243 14.2 Green Roofs and Walls 244 14.3 Provision for Birds 253 14.4 Biodiversity Checklist 254 Endnotes 255 Chapter 15 Transport 256 15.1 Developing a Travel Plan 257 15.2 Delivery Travel Plans 259 15.3 Transport Checklist 260 Glossary 262 Further Reading and Websites 266 Index 271