政治 by Johannes Althusius - Bookswagon
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政治

政治


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About the Book

阿尔图修斯无疑是联邦一词的奠基者和意涵赋予者,他把联邦一词的来源解释为来自feudo,意为封建领土,契约,协约,义务。正是怀着共同目的的一群人,在上帝的见证下,签署了一份契约,规定在他们中间通过某种正义的方式选出一位统治者,而其他人服从该统治者的号令。这种组织形式被作者命名为 联邦。家庭,则是最基础的联邦组成单位,或者更直白地说,家庭就是最小的联邦。 一个国王能够通过让渡权利的方式,创造出一个和自己权利相同的国王吗?不可能的。因为被让渡权利者的权利,总是少于让渡者的权利。 政治的过程和本质就是如此,在作者眼中,政治,或者说,正义的政治,应该是以联邦的形式组织起来的。在这个联邦政体中,下层高于上层,部分大于整体。因为下层、部分、边缘、从属,这些是永恒的;而上层、整体、中央、上级,这些是暂时的,是派生的,是被创造出来的,那必然也可以被夺走。诚然,一个公民个体本身的权威,小于作为联合体首脑的最高执政官的权威。但公民的整体的权威,则大于最高执政官的权威。 我们今天在谈论阿尔图修斯的"联邦"的时候,我们真的只是在谈论联邦的形式吗?有些人可能会回答 是的。而我不认同这一点。我们谈论的是联邦的理念,这种理念简而言之包括 1)尊重构建联合体的组成部分的权利;2)联合体构建是基于相互需要和相互服务的契约;3)联合体是民主的,也就是,最高执政者可以被撤换;4)联合体的组成是可塑的,多变的,可以根据需要而改变和重组;5)联合体不仅仅是内部可塑的,它也是外部可塑的。也就是说,它可以被扩大。6)这种扩大难道必须基于民族,血缘和传统吗?不是的,联合体的扩大是基于契约,基于需要和有益性;7)在所有的联合中,人民作为最终的权利让渡者,人民整体总是拥有最高的权利和权力。所有的联合体以及联合体的衍生,都必须服从和服务于这种最高权利和权力。


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781739325725
  • Publisher: Lulu Press
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Chinese
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: 系统地阐述,以神圣和世俗的例子说明
  • Width: 140 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1739325729
  • Publisher Date: 28 Mar 2023
  • Height: 216 mm
  • No of Pages: 286
  • Spine Width: 15 mm
  • Weight: 381 gr


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