Art of Seeing, The

The Art of Seeing explores traditional and contemporary art and artistic media focusing on art as seen from the artist's point of view. The book introduces students to artistic techniques and introductory aesthetic principles. It provides clear, concise presentation, superb illustrations, and strong emphasis on the elements and media.

Table of Contents:
PART 1: Learning to See 11 1 Understanding Art 12 WHAT IS ART? 13 THE CREATIVE IMPULSE 13 Artists on Art: Joseph Raffael on Creativity 15 TYPES OF ART 16 Two- and Three-Dimensional Art 16 Representational and Nonrepresentational Art 17 Fine and Applied Arts 21 Artists on Art: Georgia O’Keeffe on Abstraction 22 Public and Private Art 26 Art Issues: Censorship of Offensive Art 30 CONTENT 32 Sociopolitical Content 33 Power and Propaganda 35 Spiritual Purposes 38 Inner Experiences 42 Beauty 45 CRITICAL OPINION 46 Art Issues: Race and Gender Criticism 50 LASTING GREATNESS IN ART 53 2 Visual Elements 56 LINE 57 Seeing Line 57 The World Seen: Islamic Calligraphy 60 Implied Line 63 Descriptive Line 66 Expressive Qualities of Line 68 Directional Line 69 SHAPE AND FORM 69 Degrees of Three-Dimensionality 69 Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Form 75 Artists on Art: Henry Moore on Form and Space 80 Two-Dimensional Illusion of Form 82 Shapes 84 Artists on Art: Arshile Gorky on Elements Conveying Life’s Intensity 87 SPACE 91 Three-Dimensional Art in Space 91 Two-Dimensional Space 94 Scale 105 Spatial Illusion 108 TEXTURE 110 Actual Texture 112 Simulated Texture 113 VALUE AND LIGHT 116 Local and Interpretive Values 117 Lighting 120 Reflections 124 Artists on Art: Leonardo da Vinci on Chiaroscuro 126 Light as a Medium 128 COLOR 132 A Vocabulary of Color 132 Natural and Applied Color 136 Local, Atmospheric, and Interpretive Color 139 Emotional Effects of Color 140 Warm and Cool Colors 143 Advancing and Receding Colors 145 Color Combinations 146 Interaction of Color 149 Limited and Open Palette 152 Artists on Art: Josef Albers on Seeing Colors 153 TIME 156 Actual Movement 156 Illusion of Movement 159 The Captured Moment 159 Change Through Time 159 Artists on Art: Auguste Rodin on The Illusion of Movement 160 3 Organizing Principles of Design 164 REPETITION 165 VARIETY 169 RHYTHM 175 BALANCE 177 COMPOSITIONAL UNITY 180 EMPHASIS 185 ECONOMY 187 PROPORTION 189 RELATIONSHIP TO THE ENVIRONMENT 191 Artists on Art: Wassily Kandinsky on Underlying Harmony 194 PART 2: Two-Dimensional Media and Methods 197 4 Drawing 198 APPROACHES TO DRAWING 198 DRY MEDIA 201 Graphite Pencil 201 Silverpoint 202 Charcoal 203 Chalk 204 Pastel 207 Crayon 209 LIQUID MEDIA 210 Pen and Ink 210 The World Seen: Chinese Landscape Paintings 211 Brush and Ink 213 5 Painting 214 APPROACHES TO PAINTING 215 PAINT MEDIA 218 Encaustic 218 Fresco 219 Tempera 223 Oil 224 Art Issues: Cleaning and Restoring Paintings 226 Watercolor 231 Gouache 232 The World Seen: Tibetan Sand Paintings 234 Synthetics 236 Collage 239 Mosaic 240 MIXED MEDIA 243 6 Printmaking 244 APPROACHES TO PRINTMAKING 246 PRINTMAKING PROCESSES 247 Relief 247 Artists on Art: Stephen Alcorn on The Art of the Color Linocut 250 Intaglio 252 Planographic: Lithography 259 Stencil 262 Photocopy and Fax Art 262 MIXED PRINT MEDIA 264 7 Graphic Design 267 THE GRAPHIC DESIGNER AND VISUAL IDEAS 268 Artists on Art: Peter Good on The Art of Graphic Design 270 TYPOGRAPHY 272 ILLUSTRATION 274 8 Photography and Filmmaking 278 PHOTOGRAPHY 279 Artists on Art: Edward Weston on Photography as a Way of Seeing 289 Digital Photography 291 Creative Use of Digital Imaging 293 FILM 295 Art Issues: Mixing Art and Politics: The Films of Leni Riefenstahl 302 TELEVISION AND VIDEO 304 9 Digital Art 308 THE COMPUTER AS A DRAWING MEDIUM 309 THE COMPUTER AS A PAINTING MEDIUM 310 Artists on Art: Janet Cummings Good Compares Computer to Other Media 312 DIGITAL ART IN CYBERSPACE 314 COMPUTERS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL ART 315 DIGITAL VIDEO 315 Art Issues: Art Websites 316 VIRTUAL REALITY 320 THE COMPUTER AS A UNIQUE ART MEDIUM 321 Interactive Digital Art 322 PART 3: Three-Dimensional Media and Methods 325 10 Sculpture 326 PLANNING SCULPTURES 327 CARVING 329 Artists on Art: Michelangelo Buonarroti on Marble-Quarrying 331 The World Seen: Benin Ivory Carvings 332 MODELING 335 CASTING 337 Artists on Art: Benvenuto Cellini on A Near-Disastrous Casting 339 ASSEMBLING 340 EARTHWORKS 342 Art Issues: Preserving Ephemeral Materials 344 INSTALLATIONS, PERFORMANCES, AND MULTIMEDIA 348 11 Craft Media 350 CLAY 352 The World Seen: Chinese Porcelains 355 Artists on Art: Paula Winokur on Working in Clay 356 METAL 358 The World Seen: Precious Metalwork from Tsarist Russia 359 WOOD 360 Artists on Art: George Nakashima on A Feeling for Wood 362 GLASS 364 FIBERS 369 The World Seen: Persian Carpets 371 12 Product and Clothing Design 374 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 375 CLOTHING DESIGN 379 The World Seen: Saris of India 384 13 Architecture 386 ARCHITECTS’ UNIQUE CONCERNS 387 FUNCTION 389 STRUCTURE 394 The World Seen: Moorish Arches and Domes 401 SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ARCHITECTURE 408 14 Designed Settings 410 INTERIOR DESIGN 411 ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN 414 The World Seen: Japanese Stone Gardens 418 AESTHETICS IN THE PERFORMING ARTS 420 PART 4: Art in Time 427 15 Historical Styles in Western Art 428 ART MOVEMENTS 429 THE BEGINNINGS OF WESTERN ART 429 Prehistoric 429 Aegean 435 Mesopotamian 435 Art Issues: Looting of Art Treasures 436 Egyptian 439 ART OF ANCIENT CULTURES 440 Greek 440 Roman 442 Early Christian and Byzantine 442 MEDIEVAL ART 444 Early Medieval 444 Romanesque 448 Gothic 448 Late Gothic 450 RENAISSANCE ART 450 Early Renaissance in Italy 451 Art Issues: The Camera Obscura: A Trade Secret? 452 High Renaissance in Italy 454 Northern Renaissance 458 Art Issues: Protecting Famous Artworks 460 Mannerism 463 BAROQUE ART 464 Southern Baroque 464 Northern Baroque 468 Rococo 468 EIGHTEENTH- AND EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY ART 468 Neoclassicism 469 Romanticism 471 LATER NINETEENTH-CENTURY ART 472 Realism 472 Impressionism 475 Post-Impressionism 475 Artists on Art: Paul Gauguin on Cross-Cultural Borrowings 476 TWENTIETH-CENTURY ART 479 Expressionism 481 Fauvism 481 Cubism 483 Futurism 483 Abstract and Nonobjective Art 483 Dada 484 Surrealism 486 Traditional Realism 486 Abstract Expressionism 486 Post-Painterly Abstraction 487 Pop Art 490 Minimalism 490 Technological Art 491 Conceptual Art 492 Earthworks 493 Performance Art 494 Installations 494 New Realism 496 The Craft Object 496 Neoexpressionism 499 Post-modernism 501 Widening of the Mainstream 503 Artists on Art: Deborah Muirhead on Art as Ancestral Exploration 504 Art Issues: Art as Investment 508 16 Understanding Art on All Levels 512 PICASSO’S GUERNICA 513 THE TEMPLES OF ANGKOR 518 MICHELANGELO’S SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING 522 FRANK GEHRY’S GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM IN BILBAO 528