Aykiri Dusunceler Book by Denis Diderot - Bookswagon
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Aykiri Dusunceler

Aykiri Dusunceler


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About the Book

Diderot, tanrisal, dinsel inancin yerine akli geciren adamdir, onun savasimi buydu ve butun kor inanclari silip supuren bu akil, gorunen dunyayi, dogayi, felsefenin, sanatin, sag torenin temel ilkesi durumuna getirdi. Diderot'un yaygin calisma alanini olusturan ilkedir bu. Maddeci ve gerekirci bir filozoftu. tanriya inanan kisinin filozof olmayacagini soyledi. 'Korler ustune mektup'taki kor, kendini tanriya inandirmaya calisan misyonere "bunun icin tanriya parmagimla dokunmam gerekir" der. Diderot, bu yuzden hapse girdi. 'D'alembert'in dusu'nde, madde tanrinin yerini almistir artik. Madde devinim ve duyarlilikla donatilmistir. Bilim gerekirciligin kanitidir. Butun varliklar ozce birdir ve bir gecis, degisim, olusum sureci icinde bulunurlar. Oyle ise sag torenin temeli doga olacaktir. Dogasi geregi insan iyidir, hristiyan sagtoresinin sandigi gibi dogustan gunahkar degil ve iyilikler de, kotulukler de, duzenin, kosullarin, egitimin urunudur. Insan, bu gerekircilik anlayisi icinde, ozgur olamayacagi icin, suclu da bulunamaz. bu uslama sonucu olarak sanat, dogayi ornek almalidir. roman, resim, oyun gercekci olmalidir. Diderot, bunlari soylemekle kalmamis, romanlari ve oyunlari ile orneklendirmistir de ve caginin sanatcilarini bu acidan degerlendirmistir. Diderot, buyuk savasimi ve essiz cabasi ile insanligin bastacidir bugun de ve onu boylesine unutulmaz kilan islerinin basinda ise elbet 'ansiklopedi' gelir. 'Ansiklopedi', yunanca enkyklios paidela'dan yapilmistir ve butun bilimleri icine alan ogretim anlamina gelir. sozcugu bulan rabelais'dir (1532). Diderot ile d'alembert'in ansiklopedisine temel olan yapit, ingiliz chambers'in cyelopaedia'si idi; fakat diderot'nun etkisi ile ansiklopedi, bir ceviri yapit olmaktan cikip, gizemcilige karsi bilimin savas alani durumunu aldi. Bu yuzden de gerici cevrelerin karsi koymasini sonucladi. dide-rot, yasami boyunca calisti 'ansiklopedi' icin, bircok mad-deyi kendisi yazdi. bu ugurda yepyeni arastirmalara giristi, teknik degismekte oldugu icin ortaya yeni arac-gerecler cikmakta idi, bunlari tanidi, adlandirdi, tanitti ve fransa'yi aydinlanma cagi'nin avrupa'da gozbebegi durumuna getirdi. Ancak unutmamali ki, bir ansiklopedi ortaya cikaran her ulkeyi aydinlanma cagi'ni algilamis sayamayiz. cogu ulkede bu tur yapitlar, genisletilmis sozlukler olmaktan ileri gidememistir. diderot'nun ansiklopedisi, toplu bilgi vermekten cok, dinsel inanclara karsi bilimlerin ogretimini ustlenmisti, demek yansiz degildi, metafizikle ve skolastikle carpisiyordu..
About the Author: Langres adli kucuk bir fransiz kentinde zengin bir bicakcinin oglu olarak dunyaya gelen diderot, okuma cagina gelince, bir cizvit okuluna verilmis, sonra babasinin dukkaninda bir sure calismis. anlayisli bir adam oldugu anlasilan baba, oglunun yeteneklerini goz onune alarak onu paris'e goturmus. Diderot, orada, kimine gore louis-le grand, kimine gore ise d'harcourt koleji'nde okumus. Iste buyuk dusunurun kisaca yetisme oykusu bu, ama ona ununu getiren buyuk caba, bundan sonra basliyor; diderot, felsefe ve bilimler uzerinde calisiyor, sivriliyor, ama yazin ve elestiri alaninda da calisarak, 18. yuzyilin en etkin dusunurlerinden biri oluyor. 'Ansiklopedi' gibi dev bir isi ustleniyor ve aydinlanma cagi denen bu caga damgasini vuruyor. Bizde 1945 yillarinda baslica yapitlari cevrilip klasikler arasinda basilmistir. Server tanilli, 'dusun dergisi'nde yazdigi, 'diderot'nun cagrisi' baslikli yazisini soyle bitirmektedir: "Olumunden bu yana akip gitmis olan yillar, eserinden cok seyi alip goturdu. Ne denir? Dogru. Ama zorbalik ve bagnazligin temsilcilerinin hala yasadigi, bilim ve akilin dusmanlarinin bugun de kaynastigi cagimizda, onun eserinde ozgurluk, bilim ve akil adina bir yuce cagri vardir ki, o eskimedi. Butun diderot, bu cagridadir iste?" Evet, diderot, bilimi ve akli savundu; ama onun bilim ve akil dedigi cok yeni anlamlar aldi bugun. Demek bizim elimizde olcut olarak, bir bilim adamini, bir dusunuru caginin tutucu guclerine karsi aldigi tavirla degerlendirmek kaliyor bugun. Hep o kalacak. Diderot, tanrisal, dinsel inancin yerine akli geciren adamdir, onun savasimi buydu ve butun kor inanclari silip supuren bu akil, gorunen dunyayi, dogayi, felsefenin, sanatin, sag torenin temel ilkesi durumuna getirdi. Diderot'un yaygin calisma alanini olusturan ilkedir bu. Maddeci ve gerekirci bir filozoftu.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781986302883
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 216 mm
  • No of Pages: 100
  • Spine Width: 6 mm
  • Width: 140 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1986302881
  • Publisher Date: 07 Mar 2018
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Turkish
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 186 gr


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