In the domain of corporate acquisitions, leveraged buyouts (LBO) have gained tremendous importance since their first appearance in the late 1970's. After having suffered from different economic downturns throughout the years, buyouts have become a major force in the worldwide economy, and reached a record accumulated transaction value of $878bn in 2007. LBOs are generally conducted by a private equity (PE) firm through a buyout fund. The fund manager raises a certain amount of equity from outside investors, and invests it into later-stage companies for an average holding period of around five years. An important characteristic of an LBO is that investments are not only financed by equity capital from the fund but, also with a significant amount of debt which is raised individually on a deal-by-deal basis. Moreover, the compensation of both fund managers, and equity investors is not based on the individual investment itself but, on the success of the whole fund. As a result, the particular conditions of buyout investments in a fund setting, as well as the distinct incentive structure of buyout funds, facilitate an increased sensitivity of fund managers with regard to the current state of their fund. This may also influence their leverage and pricing decisions on the transaction level. Corresponding research on buyout structuring is still in its infancy. While there is an increasing amount of empirical literature on the various determinants of leverage and pricing in buyout transactions, little is known about how the investment behavior of buyout funds drives these structuring decisions. A notable exception is the work by Axelson, et al. (2009), who developed a theoretical model that is based on a principal agent conflict between fund managers and outside investors. The model provides a number of predictions on how the investment behavior of fund managers impacts leverage, and decisions about prices at investment entry. The main goal of this study is to identify the f
About the Author: Dipl. Kfm. Christian Deger was born in Karlsruhe, in 1986. The author graduated in Technology and Management Oriented Business Administration at the Technical University of Munich where his main focus was on Controlling and Entrepreneurial Finance. He was a scholar, and was supported by the German National Merit foundation. Further, he holds an Honors Degree in Technology Management from the Center for Digital Technology and Management, a joint institution of the two Munich universities and the elite network of Bavaria. After graduating in 2011, in his role as Venture Manager at Barikuta Partners, Christian Deger became responsible for building the South East Asian business unit of PAYRETO, a leading BPO company for payment providers. In the beginning of 2012, he co-founded the mobile payment company payworks where he currently serves as the Managing Director for Sales and Business Development.