Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster

Table of Contents:
CONTENTS 1. The Development of the Drosophila Larval Brain........... 1 Volker Hartenstein, Shana Spindler, Wayne Pereanu and Siaumin Fung Abstract................................................................................................................................. 1 Synopsis of the Phases and Elements of Drosophila Brain Development........................ 1 Progenitors of the Drosophila Brain: Neuroblasts and Ganglion Mother Cells............. 3 The Generic Cell Types of the Drosophila Brain................................................................ 8 Neuroanatomy of the Developing Drosophila Brain: The Systems of Lineages, Tracts and Compartments......................................................................................... 17 Outlook............................................................................................................................... 29 2. Anteroposterior Regionalization of the Brain: Genetic and Comparative Aspects............................................. 32 Robert Lichtneckert and Heinrich Reichert Abstract............................................................................................................................... 32 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 32 The Cephalic Gap Genes Otd/Otx and Ems/Emx Control Anterior Brain Development..................................................................................................... 34 The Hox Genes Pattern the Posterior Brain..................................................................... 36 Evidence for a Tripartite Organization of the Brain....................................................... 37 3. Dorsoventral Paterning of the Brain: A Comparative Approach.................................................................. 42 Rolf Urbach and Gerhard M. Technau Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 42 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 42 DV Patterning of the Truncal Part of the CNS in Drosophila and vertebrates............ 45 DV patterning of the brain in Drosophila........................................................................ 48 A comparison with DV regionalization of the vertebrate telencephalon................... 52 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 53 xii Contents 4. Disection of the Embryonic Brain Using Photoactivated Gene Expresion.............................................. 57 Jonathan Minden Abstract............................................................................................................................... 57 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 57 Procephalic Blastoderm Fate Map.................................................................................... 58 Brain-Forming Mitotic Domains Populate Distinct Brain Regions............................... 58 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................... 67 5. Design of the Larval Chemosensory System....................... 69 Reinhard F. Stocker Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 69 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 69 Chemosensory Organs of the Larval Head...................................................................... 70 Olfactory System................................................................................................................. 71 Gustatory System................................................................................................................ 77 The Drosophila Larva as a Model for Smell and Taste.................................................... 78 6. Development of the Drosophila Olfactory System...... 82 Veronica Rodrigues and Thomas Hummel Abstract............................................................................................................................... 82 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 82 Organization of the Drosophila Adult Olfactory System................................................. 84 Specification of the Olfactory Sense Organs.................................................................... 84 Olfactory Lineages Revisited............................................................................................. 87 Origin of Glial Cells............................................................................................................ 89 Development of ORN Connectivity................................................................................... 89 Olfactory Map Organization............................................................................................. 90 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of ORN Wiring Specificity.................................. 91 Specification of Projection Neurons.................................................................................. 92 Development of PN Dendrites............................................................................................ 95 Concluding Remarks.......................................................................................................... 96 7. The Olfactory Sensory Map in Drosophila.......................... 102 Philippe P. Laissue and Leslie B. Vosshall Abstract............................................................................................................................. 102 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 102 Olfactory Organs and Olfactory Sensory Neurons of Drosophila................................ 103 Odorant Receptor Gene Expression................................................................................ 104 Ligand Tuning Profiles..................................................................................................... 105 A Receptor-Based Map of Glomerular Projections....................................................... 108 Sexual Dimorphism in the Drosophila Olfactory System...............................................111 Concluding Remarks........................................................................................................ 112 8. Optic Lobe Development.................................................................115 Karl-Friedrich Fischbach and Peter Robin Hiesinger Abstract............................................................................................................................. 115 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 115 The Adult Visual System Is Organized into Parallel Visuotoptic Functional Pathways................................................................................................. 116 Lamina Development........................................................................................................ 120 Medulla and Lobula Complex Development.................................................................. 126 Concluding Remarks........................................................................................................ 131 9. Clonal Unit Architecture of the Adult Fly Brain........ 137 Kei Ito and Takeshi Awasaki Abstract............................................................................................................................. 137 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 137 Structure of the Adult Brain............................................................................................ 137 Techniques for Visualising Clonally Related Progeny................................................... 139 Clonal Unit Architecture in the Adult Brain.................................................................. 147 Formation of the Clonal Units During Development..................................................... 150 Functional Importance of the Clonal Units.................................................................... 154 Conclusion........................................................................................................................ 156 INDEX.............................................................................................................................TBA