Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology

The First Edition of Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology, published in 1995, was met with great success by readers who appreciated the focused approach to real-world catalysis as applied to air pollution control technologies. Based on the five-star rating, extensive sales, and positive reviews, the authors have expanded and updated the original four parts and added additional chapters while retaining the practical description of the catalysts and processes in clear and simple language. The first five chapters describe the fundamentals of catalysts and catalysis. Two new chapters have been added on the chemical and physical properties of monoliths, the support of choice for environmental applications. Included are chapters on fuel cells/ fuel processing and novel approaches for purifying ambient air. The current technologies for controlling emissions from mobile and stationary sources include: Mobile sources * Control of hydrocarbons, nitric oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate emissions from gasoline and diesel fueled vehicles including passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, handheld tools, etc.* Chemical and physical properties of monolithic substrates for automobile and diesel engines* Decomposition of ozone that enters the cabin of wide-body aircraft Stationary sources Catalytic conversion of emissions from gas turbines* Organic compound abatement from chemical plants and restaurants* Reduction of nitrogen oxides from stiochiometric, rich and lean burn engines, and zero emission catalytic combustion Emerging technologies * Description of the catalytic challenges for five different fuel cell technologies and hydrogen generation for fuel cell applications* Ambient air cleanup from mobile and stationary sources This book also contains an extensive bibliography with simplified descriptions of key parameters for compliance with worldwide regulations. The Second Edition of Catalytic Air Pollution Control promises to be an essential professional companion for all scientists and engineers including air pollution engineers, automotive engineers, chemists, chemical engineers working on emission control, and regulators.

Table of Contents:
PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, FIRST EDITION. I FUNDAMENTALS. 1 Catalyst Fundamentals. 1.1 The Basics: Activity and Selectivity. 1.2 Dispersed Catalyst Model. 1.3 The Steps in Heterogeneous Catalysis. 1.4 The Arrhenius Equation. 1.5 Signi.cance of the Rate Limiting Step. 2 The Preparation of Catalytic Materials: Carriers, Active Components, and Monolithic Substrates. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Carriers. 2.3 Making the Finished Catalyst. 2.4 Nomenclature for Dispersed Catalysts. 2.5 Monolithic Materials as Catalyst Substrates. 2.6 Preparing Monolithic Catalysts. 2.7 Catalytic Monoliths. 2.8 Catalyzed Monolithic Nomenclature. 2.9 Precious Metal Recovery from Monolithic Catalysts. 3 Catalyst Characterization. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Physical Properties of Catalysts. 3.3 Chemical Properties. 3.4 Ex Situ Techniques. 4 Monolithic Reactors for Environmental Catalysis. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Chemical Kinetic Control. 4.3 Bulk Mass Transfer. 4.4 Reactor Bed Pressure Drop. 4.5 Summary. 5 Catalyst Deactivation. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Thermally Induced Deactivation. 5.3 Poisoning. 5.4 Washcoat Loss. II MOBILE SOURCES. 6 Automotive Catalyst. 6.1 Emissions and Regulations. 6.2 The Catalytic Reactions for Pollution Abatement. 6.3 The Physical Structure of the Catalytic Converter. 6.4 First Generation Converter: Oxidation Catalyst (1976 1979). 6.5 NOx, CO, and HC Reduction: The Second Generation (1979 1986). 6.6 Vehicle Test Procedure (U.S., Europe, and Japan). 6.7 NOx, CO, and HC Reduction: The Third Generation (1986 1992). 6.8 Palladium TWC Catalyst: The Fourth Generation (Mid 90s). 6.9 Low Emission Catalyst Technologies. 6.10 Modern TWC Technologies for the 2000s. 6.11 Toward a Zero Emission Stoichiometric Spark Ignited Vehicle. 6.12 Lean Burn Spark Ignited Gasoline Engine. 7 Automotive Substrates. 7.1 Introduction to Ceramic Substrates. 7.2 Requirements for Substrates. 7.3 Design and Sizing of Substrates. 7.4 Physical Properties of Substrates. 7.5 Physical Durability. 7.6 Advances in Substrate Development. 7.7 Commercial Applications. 7.8 Summary. 7A Appendix. 8 Diesel Engine Emissions. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Worldwide Diesel Emission Standards. 8.3 NOx Particulate Tradeo. 8.4 Analytic Procedures. 8.5 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst for Treating SOF Portion of Particulates. 8.6 Catalytic Reduction of Emissions from Diesel Passenger Cars. 8.7 Catalyst Deactivation of the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). 8.8 Treating Soot Using Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs). 8.9 Dry Carbon Oxidation: Technologies under Development. 8.10 NOx Reduction Technologies under Development. 8.11 Natural Gas Engines. 9 Diesel Catalyst Supports. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Supports. 9.3 Design and Sizing of Diesel Filters. 9.4 Regeneration Techniques. 9.5 Physical Properties and Durability. 9.6 Advances in Diesel Filters. 9.7 Applications. 9.8 Summary. 10 Ozone Abatement within Jet Aircraft. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Ozone Abatement. 10.3 Deactivation. 10.4 Analysis of In flight Samples. 10.5 NewTechnology. III STATIONARY SOURCES. 11 Volatile Organic Compounds. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Catalytic Incineration. 11.3 Halogenated Hydrocarbons. 11.4 Food Processing. 11.5 Wood Stoves. 11.6 Small Engines. 11.7 Process Design. 11.8 Deactivation. 11.9 Regeneration of Poisoned Catalysts. 12 Reduction of Nox. 12.1 Introduction 306 12.2 Nonselective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR) of Nox. 12.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx. 12.4 Commercial Experience. 12.5 Nitrous Oxide (N). 12.6 Catalytically Supported Thermal Combustion. 13 Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Abatement from Gas Turbines. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Abatement. 13.3 Nonmethane Hydrocarbon (NMHC) Removal. 13.4 Oxidation of Reactive Hydrocarbons. 13.5 Oxidation of Unreactive, Light Paraffins. 13.6 Catalyst Deactivation. IV EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES. 14 Fuel Cells. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Background. 14.3 The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell. 14.4 Hydrogen Generation. 14.5 Alkaline Fuel Cell. 14.6 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell. 14.7 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. 14.8 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. 14.9 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. 14.10 Commentary. 15 Ambient Air Cleanup. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 PremAir(r) Catalyst Systems. 15.3 Other Approaches. INDEX.