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Text extracted from opening pages of book: COLLEGE XEA: CH: IN: G STUDIES IN METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE COLLEGE Edited by PAUL KLAPPER, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Education The College of the City of New York with an Introduction by NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, LL. D. President of Columbia University Yonkers-on - Hudson, New York WORLD BOOK COMPANY 1920 PREFACE THE student of general problems of education or of elementary education finds an extensive literature of varying worth. In the last decade our secondary schools have undergone radical reorganization and have assumed new functions. A rich literature on every phase of the high school is rapidly developing to keep pace with the needs and the progress of secondary education. The litera ture on college education in general and college pedagogy in particular is surprisingly undeveloped. This dearth is not caused by the absence of problem, for indeed there is room for much improvement in the organization, the ad ministration, and the pedagogy of the college. Investiga tors of these problems have been considerably discouraged by the facts they have gathered. This volume is conceived in the hope of stimulating an interest in the quality of college teaching and initiating a scientific study of college pedagogy. The field is almost virgin, and the need for constructive programs is acute. We therefore ask for our effort the indulgence that is usually accorded a pioneer. In this age of specialization of study it is evident that no college teacher, however wide his experience and ex tensive his education, can speak with authority on the teaching of all the subjects in the college curriculum, or even of all the major ones. For this reason thisvolume is the product of a cooperating authorship. The editor devotes himself to the study of general methods of teaching that apply to almost all subjects and to most teaching situa tions. In addition, he coordinates the work of the other contributors. He realizes that there exists among college professors an active hostility to the study of pedagogy* The professors feel that one who knows his subject can teach it. The contributors have been purposely selected in order to dispel this hostility. They are, one and all, men of undisputed scholarship who have realized the need of a mode of presentation that will make their knowledge alive. iii iv Preface Books of multiple authorship often possess too wide a diversity of viewpoints. The reader comes away with no underlying thought and no controlling principles. To overcome this defect, so common in books of this type, a tentative outline was formulated, setting forth a desirable mode of treating, in the confines of one chapter, the teach ing of any subject in the college curriculum. This outline was submitted to all contributors for critical analysis and constructive criticism. The original plan was later modi fied in accordance with the suggestions of the contributors. This final outline, which follows, was then sent to the con tributors with the full understanding that each writer was free to make such modifications as his specialty demanded and his judgment dictated. This outline is followed in most of the chapters and gives the' book that unifying ele ment necessary in any book and vital in a work of so large a cooperating authorship. The editor begs to acknowledge his indebtedness to the many contributors who have given generously oftheir time and their labor with no hope of compensation beyond the ultimate appreciation of those college teachers who are eager to learn from the experience of others so that they may the better serve their students. TENTATIVE OUTLINE FOR THE TEACHING OF IN THE COLLEGE I. Aim of Subject X in the College Curriculum: Is it taught for disciplinary values? What are they? Is it taught for cultural reasons? Is it taught to give necessary information? Is it taught to prepare for professional studies? Is the aim single or eclectic? Do the aims vary for different groups of