Communication: The Handbook

Communication: The Handbook is a unique learning tool that introduces and reinforces key communication content in a practical handbook format that readers will choose to keep and use throughout professional careers.   The highly readable and accessible chapters and modules use brief content sections, hands-on applications, and skill development to cover the essential communication skills and theory that will help readers learn to manage their interpersonal relationships, interact competently in group situations, and deliver effective public presentations.    

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents   Part One:  FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION   CHAPTER 1:  ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION   1a Getting Started in Communication Studies     Why Do We Need Communication?     Defining Communication 1b Examining the Transactional Model of Communication     Elements of Communication     Applying the Transactional Model     Cultural Connections — Native American Indians 1c Identifying Communication Contexts 1d Understanding the Universals of Communication     You cannot not communicate.     All communication has a content and relational dimension.     Communication is a series of punctuated events.     Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable.     Communication is culture-specific. 1e Communicating Ethically     Eye on Ethics — Being Yourself 1f Communicating Competently     Components of Communication Competence     Enhancing Your Communicative Competence          Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   Module A: UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION  HIGH COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION LOW COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION MODERATE COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24)   CHAPTER 2:  PERCEPTION OF THE SELF AND OTHERS   2a Understanding Perception 2b Identifying the Stages of the Perception Process     Stage One: Stimulation     Stage Two:  Organization     Cultural Connections — Perceptions of Time      Stage Three:  Interpretation-Evaluation 2c Understanding Perceptual Biases     Halo Effect and Reverse Halo Effect     Eye on Ethics — Attractiveness Bias     Perceptual Accentuation     Primacy Effect and Recency Effect 2d Examining Influences on Perception     Self-Perception     Personal Experiences     Third-Party Influences     Physical Conditions     Psychological Conditions     Self-Fulfilling Prophecy 2e Engaging in Perception Checking       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   CHAPTER 3:  LISTENING   3a The Importance of Listening 3b Why Don’t We Listen? 3c Examining Listening versus Hearing     Listening Is Intermittent     Listening Is a Learned Skill     Listening Is Active     Listening Implies Using the Message Received 3d Understanding the Listening Process     Receive Stimuli     Select Stimuli     Understand the Message     Evaluate     Resolve 3e Identifying Barriers to Effective Listening     Pseudo-listening     Selective Listening     Stage-hogging/Interrupting     Sidetracking     Physical Distractions     Psychological Distractions     Factual Distractions 3f Promoting Better Listening     Desire to Listen     Focus on the Message     Understand the Speaker’s Point of View     Reinforce the Message     Provide Feedback     Withhold Judgment     Actively Listening     Cultural Connections — High and Low Context Cultures     Eye on Ethics — Right of Refusal       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   CHAPTER 4:  THE POWER OF LANGUAGE   4a Identifying the Functions of Language     Communicate Ideas     Send Messages About Users     Strengthen Social Bonds     Serve as Instrument of Play     Check Understanding 4b Exploring the Nature of Language     Language Is Symbolic     Language Is Subjective     Language Is Rule-governed     Cultural Connections — Connotative Meanings 4c Communicating Effectively     Use Language Correctly     Use Language Clearly     Use Language Ethically     Eye on Ethics - Doublespeak 4d Understanding the Power of Language     Powerless Language     Confirmation and Disconfirmation 4e Creating a Supportive Communication Climate          Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   CHAPTER 5:  NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION   5a Understanding the Principles of Nonverbal Communication     Nonverbal communication is deliberate or unintentional.     Nonverbal signals are cultural.      Nonverbal messages are trusted more that verbal messages when the two conflict.     Nonverbal messages can be ambiguous. 5b Identifying Types of Nonverbal Communication     Paralanguage     Proxemics     Artifacts     Personal appearance     Eye on Ethics — Weight and the Hiring Process     Kinesics     Eye communication     Silence     Chronemics     Haptics     Olfactics     Cultural Connections — Presidential Nonverbal Faux Pas 5c Examining the Functions of Nonverbal Cues     Substitute     Reinforce     Regulate     Contradict     Indicate a Relationship     Deceive     Manage Identity 5d Putting Nonverbal Communication into Action     Expectancy     Valance     Ambiguous Behaviors     Competence Summary       Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   Module B:  THE ART OF SMALL TALK THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL TALK INTRODUCTIONS BEGINNING THE CONVERSATION SUSTAINING THE CONVERSATION CONCLUDING THE CONVERSATION   Part Two:  Interpersonal Communication CHAPTER 6:  INTRODUCTION TO INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION   6a Defining Interpersonal Communication 6b Forming Interpersonal Relationships     Why Do We Need Relationships?     With Whom Do We Form Relationships? 6c Examining Relationship Development and Dissolution     Knapp’s Model of Relationship Development     Cultural Connections — Cultural Influences on Self-Disclosure     Conville’s Model of Relationship Development and       Dissolution 6d Relational Dialectics     Autonomy-Connectedness      Predictability-Change      Openness-Closedness  6e Understanding the Dynamics of Self-Disclosure     Self-Disclosure in Interpersonal Relationships     Social Penetration Theory     Competent Self-Disclosure Through Self-Monitoring     Eye on Ethics — The Disappearing Act       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   MODULE C:  MANAGING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION THEORY ADDITIONAL STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION   CHAPTER 7:  RELATIONAL CONFLICT   7a Defining Conflict     Components of Conflict     Phases of Conflict 7b Exploring Positive and Negative Consequences of Conflict     Positive Consequences of Conflict     Negative Consequences of Conflict 7c Identifying Types of Conflict and Conflict Issues     Conflict Types     Conflict Issues 7d Examining Approaches to Conflict Management     Potential Conflict Outcomes     Five Traditional Approaches to Conflict Management 7e Managing Conflict     Conflict Management Styles     Aggressiveness Versus Argumentativeness     Unproductive Strategies for Managing Conflict     Cultural Connections — Fist Fighting as a Conflict Management Style 7f Examining Interpersonal Conflict: John Gottman versus John Gray     Gottman’s Four Horseman of the Apocalypse     John Gray’s Interpersonal Conflict Perspective     Eye on Ethics — Moral Conflict       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   MODULE D:  COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION CMC AND THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION AND CMC   MODULE E:  GENDER AND COMMUNICATION DISTINCTION BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER GENDERLECT STYLES DO MEN AND WOMEN REALLY COMMUNICATE DIFFERENTLY?   Part Three:  Group Communication CHAPTER 8:  Introduction to Groups and Decision Making   8a Introduction to Group Communication     Defining Group Communication     Why Do We Need to Learn About Groups? 8b Identifying Types of Groups     Primary Groups     Secondary Groups 8c Understanding Group Culture     Establishing a Group     Setting Group Goals     Establishing Group Norms     Building Cohesiveness     Cultural Connections — Karaoke Builds Cohesiveness     Positive and Negative Effects of Group Conflict 8d Distinguishing Between Problem Solving and Decision Making 8e Effective Group Problem Solving     Understanding The Process of Problem Solving     Dewey’s Problem Solving Model 8f Effective Group Decision Making     Identifying Stages of Group Decision Making     Exploring Decision Making Methods     Eye on Ethics — Trust in the Workplace       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions   MODULE F:  MANAGING GROUP COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION EFFECTS OF GROUP MEMBER COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION ON GROUPS INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP ON GROUP MEMBER COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION MANAGING GROUP COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION   CHAPTER 9:  Working Effectively in Groups   9a Being an Effective Group Member     Task Functions     Maintenance Functions     Self-centered Functions     The Responsibilities of Group Members 9b Being an Effective Group Leader     Approaches to Leadership     The Responsibilities of Group Leaders     Eye on Ethics — Leader and Member Responses When Groups Fail 9c Effectively Using Group Meeting Times     Reasons for Unproductive Meetings     Creating an Environment for a Productive Meeting     Concluding the Meeting 9d Power and Group Communication     Cultural Connections — Power Distance and Organizational Participation         Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   Part Four:  Public Speaking CHAPTER 10:  Understanding THE SPEECH PROCESS, ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE, AND GENERATING YOUR TOPIC   10a Overview of the Speaking Process 10b Analyzing Your Audience     Analyze the Specific Speaking Situation     Understand the Diversity of Your Audience     Conduct and Audience Analysis     Apply the Results to Your Speech 10c Choosing and Narrowing Your Speech Topic     Generate a List of Ideas for Possible Topics     Select Your Topic     Focus Your Topic     Determine Your General Purpose     Formulate Your Specific Purpose     Word Your Thesis Statement     Eye on Ethics — Sensitive Speech Topics     Cultural Connections — Adapting Your Message To Different Learning Styles       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms   Module G: MANAGING SPEAKER APPREHENSION  CONTROL YOUR NERVOUSNESS FOCUS ON YOUR SPEECH, NOT YOURSELF KNOW YOUR SPEECH VIEW SPEECH MAKING POSITIVELY PRACTICE YOUR DELIVERY REVIEW YOUR PERFORMANCE   CHAPTER 11:  RESEARCHING YOUR SPEECH TOPIC AND SUPPORTING YOUR SPEECH   11a Researching Your Topic and Supporting Your Speech     Assess Your Personal Knowledge     Develop Your Research Plan     Collect Your Information     Record Your Information     Conclude Your Search     Cultural Connections — Restricted Access to Information on the Internet 11b Supporting Your Speech     Consider the Purposes of Your Supporting Materials     Consider the Types of Material Available for Your Topic     Evaluate the Validity and Strength of Your Support     Eye on Ethics — The Privacy of Public Information       Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms     References   Module H: INTERVIEWING ADVANTAGES OF INTERVIEWS PREPARING FOR THE INTERVIEW CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEW FOLLOWING UP ON THE INTERVIEW   CHAPTER 12:  ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING YOUR SPEECH     12a Organizing the Body of Your Speech     Topical Division     Chronological Division     Spatial Division     Causal Division     Pro-Con Division     Problem-Solution Division 12b Developing Your Key Ideas     Signposting the Idea     Stating the Idea     Supporting the Idea     Summarizing the Idea     Cultural Connections — Supporting Materials 12c Connecting Your Key Ideas with Transitions     Complementary Transition     Causal Transition     Contrasting Transition     Chronological Transition 12d  Organizing the Introduction of Your Speech     Get the Attention of Your Audience     State Your Topic     Establish the Importance of Your Topic     Establish Your Credibility to Speak on Your Topic        Preview Your Key Ideas     Put It All Together 12e  Organizing the Conclusion of Your Speech     Summarize Your Key Ideas     Activate Audience Response     Provide Closure     Put It All Together 12f  Outlining Your Speech     Principles of Outlining     Stages of Outlining     Eye on Ethics — Chronemics and Public Speaking          Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     Key Terms     References   CHAPTER 13:  DELIVERING YOUR SPEECH AND USING PRESENTATIONAL AIDS   13a Exploring the Basics of Delivery     Methods of Delivery     Qualities of Effective Delivery 13b Examining Elements of Vocal Delivery     Rate and Pause     Volume     Pitch and Inflection     Voice Quality     Articulation and Pronunciation 13c Understanding the Elements of Physical Delivery     Appearance     Posture     Eye Contact and Facial Expression     Movement     Gestures     Cultural Connections — Delivery Styles 13d Using Presentational Aids Effectively     Plan Your Aids for Your Purpose and Audience     Create Effective Presentational Aids     Speak Effectively Using Your Presentational Aids     Eye on Ethics — Using Graphic Photographs and/or Visual Images          Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     References   CHAPTER 14:  INFORMATIVE SPEECHES 14a Speaking to Inform 14b Classifying Informative Speech Topics     Speeches about People     Speeches about Objects     Speeches about Places     Speeches about Activities and Events     Speeches about Processes     Speeches about Concepts     Speeches about Conditions     Speeches about Issues 14c Guidelines for Speaking to Inform     Stress Your Informative Purpose     Be Objective     Be Specific     Be Clear     Be Accurate     Limit Your Ideas and Supporting Materials     Be Relevant     Use Appropriate Organization     Use Appropriate Forms of Support     Use Effective Delivery     Eye on Ethics — Managing Bias in an Informative Speech 14d Citing Your Sources     Cultural Connections — Credibility 14e Outlining Your Informative Speech          Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     References   CHAPTER 15:  PERSUASIVE SPEECHES 15a Understanding the Importance of Persuasion     As a Speaker     As a Listener 15b Identifying Types of Persuasive Speeches     Speeches to Convince     Speeches to Actuate     Speeches to Inspire 15c Examining Persuasive Speaking Strategies     Establish Your Credibility     Eye on Ethics — Biased Sources: To Use or Not To Use     Focus Your Goals     Connect With Your Listeners     Organize Your Arguments     Support Your Ideas     Enhance Your Emotional Appeals 15d Using Monroe’s Motivated Sequence     Attention     Need     Satisfaction     Visualization     Action 15e Constructing a Persuasive Argument     Argument by Example     Argument by Analogy     Argument by Cause     Argument by Deduction     Argument by Authority 15f Evaluating a Persuasive Speech     Cultural Connections          Competence Summary     Review Questions     Discussion Questions     References   Module I:  SPEAKING AS A GROUP PREPARING A GROUP PRESENTATION DELIVERING A GROUP PRESENTATION   Module J:  SPEAKING ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS  SPEECH OF INTRODUCTION SPEECH OF PRESENTATION ACCEPTANCE SPEECH SPEECH OF TRIBUTE SPEECH TO ENTERTAIN IMPROMPTU SPEECH