About the Book
• The complete first year MBBS practical manual.
• Describes text in a simple language along with self-explanatory diagrams.
• Cites all the important questions and normal values.
• Incorporates chapter-wise question bank.
• Each chapter is filled with easy-to-learn mnemonics.
• Enriched with diagrams, charts and tables.
• Presents expected theory along with viva voce and exam-oriented questions with explanatory answers.
• Provides both microscopic and diagrammatic view of Histology illustrations.
• Covers model question papers of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry.
About the Author
Anto Jose MBBS (Pursuing)
Table of Contents:
1. Anatomy 1
Theory: Important Questions 3, Upper Limb 3, Lower Limb 4, Thorax 6, Head and Neck 7,
Neuroanatomy 8, Abdomen and Pelvis 9, General Anatomy 11, Tissues 11, Glandular Epithelium* 11,
Cartilage* 14, Bone 14, Periosteum* 16, Ossification 16, Joints* 18, Muscular System 20,
Nervous Tissue 20, Nerve Fiber 23, Nerves 23, Reflex Arc 23, Ganglia 23, Lymphatic System 24,
Blood Vessels 25, Blood Supply to the Wall of Blood Vessel 25, Nerve Supply to Blood Vessel 26,
Skin 26, General Embryology 28, Structure of a Mature Spermatozoan 28, Spermatogenesis* 28,
Spermiogenesis* 29, Menstrual Cycle 29, Week One of Human Development 32, Week Two of
Embryo Development 34, Development of Extraembryonic Mesoderm (Amnion) 35,
Primitive Streak* 36, Somites* 36, Neural Crest* 37, Notochord* 37, Connecting Stalk 38,
Buccopharyngeal Membrane 38, Fetal Membrane 38, Decidua 39, Chorionic Villi* 39, Placenta* 40,
Twins 41, Monozygotic (Identical) Twins 41, Amniocentesis 41, Pharyngeal Arches 42, Genetics 43,
Sex Chromatin (Barr Body)* 43, Karyotyping* 43, Sex-Linked Inheritance* 43, Klinefelter’s Syndrome* 44,
Turner’s Syndrome* 44, Numerical Abnormalities 44, Down’s Syndrome/Mongolism/Trisomy 21* 45,
Nondisjunction 45, Hemophilia 45, Osteology 47, Upper Limb 47, Clavicle 47, Scapula 48,
Humerus 49, Radius 51, Ulna 51, Carpal Bones 53, Metacarpal Bones 54, Phalanges 54,
Thorax 54, Sternum 54, Ribs 55, Typical Ribs 55, Atypical Rib 55, Lower Limb 56, Hip Bone 56,
Bony Pelvis 58, Patella 60, Tibia/Shin Bone 60, Fibula 62, Tarsal Bones 62, Talus 63, Calcaneus 63,
Skull 64, Structures Passing through Various Foramina, Canals and Fissures of the Skull 65,
Mandible Lower Jaw 68, Maxillae 68, Frontal Bone 68, Parietal Bone 69, Temporal Bone 69,
Occipital Bone 69, Sphenoid Bone 70, Ethmoid Bone 70, Structures Passing through Various
Foramina in the Anterior Cranial Fossa 70, Structures Passing through Various Canals and Foramina 71,
Posterior Cranial Fossae 71, Structures Passing through Various Canals and Foramina 71,
Vertebrae 72, Sacrum 72, Sacral Canal 73, Coccyx 74, Radiology 75, Standard Views of a
Radiograph 75, Upper Limb 75, Lower Limb 76, Thorax 78, Head and Neck 78,
Vertebral Column 79, Abdomen 80, Surface Marking 82, Upper Limb 82, Thorax 82,
Head, Neck and Brain 83, Lower Limb 84, Abdomen and Pelvis 85, Systemic Embryology 86,
Head and Neck 86, Abdomen and Pelvis 89, Thorax 94, Histology 99, Epithelium 99,
Connective Tissue 100, Bone 101, Compact Bone (Longitudinal Section) 101, Muscular Tissue 101,
Lymphoid Tissue 101, Nervous Tissue 102, Integumentary System 102, Blood Vessels 103,
Respiratory System 103, Glands 103, Digestive System 104, Gastrointestinal Tract 104,
Small Intestine 104, Large Intestine 105, Urinary System 105, Male Reproductive Tissue 106,
Female Reproductive System 106, Mammary Gland 107, Endocrine Glands 107, Special Senses 108,
Histology Diagrams 109, Epithelium 109, Cartilage 110, Bone 111, Muscular Tissue 112,
Lymphoid Tissue 113, Nervous Tissue 114, Skin 116, Blood Vessels 117, Respiratory System 118,
Glands 119, Tongue 120, Urinary System 124, Male Reproductive System 125, Female Reproductive
System 127, Mammary Gland 128, Endocrine Glands 129, Special Senses 130, Gross Spotters 131,
Upper Limb 131, Lower Limb 131, Thorax 131, Head and Neck 131, Brain 132, Abdomen 132,
Clinical Questions 133, Diagrams 136, Upper Limb 136, Thorax 140, Abdomen 144,
Head and Neck 149, Brain 153, Lower Limb 158, Nerves 163
Contents
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2. Physiology 167
Theory: Important Questions 169, Hematology 169, Cardiovascular System 169,
Respiratory System 170, Gastrointestinal Tract 170, Renal System 171, Central Nervous
System (CNS) 171, Special Senses 172, Reproductive System 172, Endocrinology 173,
Nerve Muscle Physiology 173, Skin and Temperature Regulation 173, Hematology Experiments 174,
Estimation of Hemoglobin 174, Enumerates the Red Blood Cells (RBC) 175, Total Leukocyte Count 177,
Differential Leukocute Count 178, Packed Cell Volume/Hematocrit 180, Blood Indices 181,
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 182, Blood Grouping 183, Bleeding Time and Clotting Time 184,
Osmotic Fragility of Erythrocytes 185, Clinical Examination 187, Human Arterial Blood Pressure 187,
General Examination 188, Examination of Respiratory System 190, Examination of Cardiovascular
System 192, Examination of Sensory System 193, Examination of Motor System 194,
Examination of Reflexes 199 Examination of Cranial Nerves 201, Amphibian Experiments 206,
Simple Muscle Twitch 206, Effect of Two Successive Stimuli on Muscle Contraction 207,
Fatigue and Recovery 207, Effects of Afterload and Freeload on Muscle Contraction 208,
Genesis of Tetanus 209, Effect of Temperature on Muscle Contraction 210, Normal Cardiogram of Frog
and Effect of Temperature on Frog’s Heart 210, Stannius Ligatures 212, Effect of Stimulation of
Vagus Nerve on Frog’s Heart 213, Spotters 214, Skills 219, Theory: Viva Voce 220, Hematology 220,
Cardiovascular System 220, Respiratory System 220, Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) 220,
Excretory System 221, Central Nervous System (CNS) 221, Special Senses 221, Endocrinology 221,
Reproduction 222, Nerve-Muscle Physiology 222, Clinical Questions 223, Normal Values 225,
Diagrams 227, Blood 227, Cardiovascular System 228, Respiratory System 231, Renal System 233,
Gastrointestinal Tract 235, Temperature Regulation 235, Endocrinology 236,
Central Nervous System 237, Reproduction 240
3. Biochemistry 241
Theory: Important Questions 243, General Biochemistry 243, Carbohydrates 243, Lipids 243,
Proteins 243, Enzymes 244, Biological Oxidation 244, Heme Synthesis and Breakdown and
Hemoglobin 244, Clinical Enzymology and Biomarkers 244, Regulation of Blood Glucose, Insulin
and Diabetes Mellitus 244, Vitamins 245, Mineral Metabolism 245, Energy Metabolism and
Nutrition 245, Acid-Base Balance 245, Free Radicals and Antioxidants 245, Detoxification and
Biotransformation of Xenobiotics 245, Nucleotides 246, DNA: Structure and Replication 246,
Transcription and Translation 246, Molecular Genetics and Control of Gene Expression 246,
Recombinant Technology and Gene Therapy 246, Cancer and AIDS 246, Immune Chemistry 247,
Clinical Biochemistry 247, Qualitative Experiments 248, Identification of Biologically Important
Substances 248, Urine Examination 253, Quantitative Experiments 257, Colorimetry 257,
Estimation of Blood Sugar 257, Estimation of Blood Urea 258, Estimation of Serum Creatinine 259,
Estimation of Serum Proteins 259, Estimation of Serum Albumin 260, Spotters 262, Reagents 262,
Tests 262, Samples 262, Nutrition 262, Indicators 262, Microscopy 262, Instruments 263,
Diagrams 264, Spectroscopy 265, Graphs 266, Theory—Viva Voce 268, General Biochemistry 268,
Carbohydrates 268, Lipids 268, Proteins 268, Enzymes 268, Biological Oxidation 268,
Heme Synthesis and Breakdown and Hemoglobin 268, Clinical Enzymology and Biomarkers 268,
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Regulation of Blood Glucose, Insulin and Diabetes Mellitus 268, Vitamins 268, Water-Soluble
Vitamins 269, Mineral Metabolism 269, Energy Metabolism and Nutrition 269, Acid-Base Balance 269,
Free Radicals and Antioxidants 269, Nucleotides 269, DNA-Structure and Replication 269,
Transcription and Translation 269, Molecular Genetics and Control of Gene Expression 269,
Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene Therapy 269, Cancer and Aids 269, Immunochemistry 269,
Clinical Biochemistry 269, Charts for Discussion 270, Normal Values 274, Important Pathways 276,
Model Question Paper 285
First MBBS Degree Model Examination—2013 285
Index 289
