Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Storage, Distribution and Infrastructure

Compendium of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 2: Hydrogen Storage, Distribution and Infrastructure focuses on the storage and transmission of hydrogen. As many experts believe the hydrogen economy will, at some point, replace the fossil fuel economy as the primary source of the world’s energy, this book details hydrogen storage in pure form, including chapters on hydrogen liquefaction, slush production, as well as underground and pipeline storage. Other sections in the book explore physical and chemical storage, including environmentally sustainable methods of hydrogen production from water, with final chapters dedicated to hydrogen distribution and infrastructure.

Table of Contents:
List of contributors Part One: Hydrogen storage in pure form 1: Introduction to hydrogen storage Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Physical storage 1.3 Material-based hydrogen storage 2: Hydrogen liquefaction and liquid hydrogen storage Abstract Acknowledgments 2.1 Introduction: Why liquefying hydrogen? 2.2 Basics of cryogenic liquefaction 2.3 Hydrogen thermodynamic properties at ambient and low temperatures 2.4 Large-scale hydrogen liquefaction and storage 2.5 Advantages and disadvantages 2.6 Current uses of liquid hydrogen 2.7 Sources of further information and advice 3: Slush hydrogen production, storage, and transportation Abstract 3.1 Introduction: What is slush hydrogen? 3.2 Hydrogen energy system using slush hydrogen 3.3 Thermophysical properties of slush hydrogen 3.4 Process of producing and storing slush hydrogen 3.5 Density and mass flow meters for slush hydrogen 3.6 Advantages and disadvantages of transporting slush hydrogen via pipeline 3.7 Uses of stored slush and liquid hydrogen 3.8 Conclusions 3.9 Future trends 3.10 Sources of future information and advice Appendix A Production Appendix B Flow and heat transfer Appendix C Measurement instrumentation 4: Underground and pipeline hydrogen storage Abstract Acknowledgments 4.1 Underground hydrogen storage as an element of energy cycle 4.2 Scientific problems related to UHS 4.3 Biochemical transformations of underground hydrogen 4.4 Hydrodynamic losses of H2 in UHS 4.5 Other problems 4.6 Pipeline storage of hydrogen Part Two: Physical and chemical storage of hydrogen 5: Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage Abstract Acknowledgments 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of cryo-compressed hydrogen storage 5.3 Performance of onboard storage system 5.4 Well-to-tank efficiency 5.5 Assessment of cryo-compressed hydrogen storage and outlook 6: Adsorption of hydrogen on carbon nanostructure Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 General considerations for physisorption of hydrogen on carbon nanostructures 6.3 Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes 6.4 Activated carbons 6.5 Layered graphene nanostructures 6.6 Zeolite-templated carbons 6.7 Conclusion 7: Metal–organic frameworks for hydrogen storage Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Synthetic considerations 7.3 Cryo-temperature hydrogen storage at low and high pressures 7.4 Room temperature hydrogen storage at high pressure 7.5 Nanoconfinement of chemical hydrides in MOFs 7.6 Conclusions and future trends 8: Other methods for the physical storage of hydrogen Abstract 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Storage of compressed hydrogen in glass microcontainers 8.3 Hydrogen physisorption in porous materials 8.4 Hydrogen hydrate clathrates 8.5 Conclusions and outlook 9: Use of carbohydrates for hydrogen storage Abstract 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Converting carbohydrates to hydrogen by SyPaB 9.3 Challenges of carbohydrates as hydrogen storage and respective solutions 9.4 Future carbohydrate-to-hydrogen systems 9.5 Conclusions 9.6 Sources of future information and advice 10: Conceptual density functional theory (DFT) approach to all-metal aromaticity and hydrogen storage Abstract Acknowledgments 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Background of conceptual DFT 10.3 All-metal aromaticity 10.4 Role of aromaticity in hydrogen storage 10.5 Case studies of possible hydrogen-storage materials with the aid of CDFT 10.6 Future trends Part Three: Hydrogen distribution and infrastructure 11: Introduction to hydrogen transportation Abstract 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Overview of methods for hydrogen transportation 11.3 Difficulties involved with the transportation of hydrogen 11.4 Future trends 11.5 Sources of further information and advice 12: Hydrogen transportation by pipelines Abstract 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Current hydrogen pipelines 12.3 Principles of transportation of hydrogen 12.4 Gas transportation principles 12.5 Pipeline transportation of hydrogen gas 12.6 Conclusion 12.7 Future trends 12.8 Further reading 13: Progress in hydrogen energy infrastructure development—addressing technical and institutional barriers Abstract Acknowledgments 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Recent progress in hydrogen infrastructure in the United States 13.3 Recent progress in hydrogen infrastructure and fuel cell vehicle and fuel cell bus demonstrations in China 13.4 Conclusions 14: Designing optimal infrastructures for delivering hydrogen to consumers Abstract Acknowledgments 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Building blocks of hydrogen infrastructure 14.3 Review of hydrogen infrastructure models 14.4 Case study: Decarbonizing UK transport demand with hydrogen vehicles 14.5 Results 14.6 Conclusions Appendix 15: Investment in the infrastructure for hydrogen passenger cars—New hype or reality? Abstract 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Uncertainties surrounding the investment in hydrogen infrastructure 15.3 Implementation of the early infrastructure: case studies 15.4 Future trends 15.5 Conclusions 15.6 Sources of further information and advice Index