Crop Adaptation to Climate Change

A major task of our time is to ensure adequate food supplies for the world's current population (now nearing 7 billion) in a sustainable way while protecting the vital functions and biological diversity of the global environment. The task of providing for a growing population is likely to be even more difficult in view of actual and potential changes in climatic conditions due to global warming, and as the population continues to grow. Current projections suggest that the world's temperatures will rise 1.8-4.0 by 2100 and population may reach 8 billion by the year 2025 and some 9 billion by mid-century, after which it may stabilize. This book addresses these critical issues by presenting the science needed not only to understand climate change effects on crops but also to adapt current agricultural systems, particularly in regard to genetics, to the changing conditions. Crop Adaptation to Climate Change covers a spectrum of issues related to both crops and climatic conditions. The first two sections provide a foundation on the factors involved in climate stress, assessing current climate change by region and covering crop physiological responses to these changes. The third and final section contains chapters focused on specific crops and the current research to improve their genetic adaptation to climate change. Written by an international team of authors, Crop Adaptation to Climate Change is a timely look at the potentially serious consequences of climate change for our global food supply, and is an essential resource for academics, researchers and professionals in the fields of crop science, agronomy, plant physiology and molecular biology; crop consultants and breeders; as well as climate and food scientists.

Table of Contents:
List of Contributors ix List of Editors xvi About the Editors xvii Foreword by Daniel Hillel and Cynthia Rosenzweig xx Foreword by M.S. Swaminathan xxii Foreword by Martin Parry xxiv Foreword by Ahmed Djoghlaf xxv Foreword by Cary Fowler xxvii Foreword by David K. Skelly xxix Foreword by Walter P. Falcon xxx Preface xxxii Acknowledgments xxxiii Chapter 1.1: Climate Change, Population Growth, and Crop Production: An Overview 1  Hermann Lotze-Campen Chapter 1.2: Downscaling Global Climatic Predictions to the Regional Level: A Case Study of Regional Effects of Climate Change on Wheat Crop Production in Victoria, Australia 12 Garry O’Leary, Brendan Christy, Anna Weeks, James Nuttall, Penny Riffkin, Craig Beverly, and Glenn Fitzgerald Chapter 2: Agroecology: Implications for Plant Response to Climate Change 27 Jerry L. Hatfield and John H. Prueger Chapter 3.1: Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Production in Latin America 44 Andy Jarvis, Julian Ramirez, Osana Bonilla-Findji, and Emmanuel Zapata Chapter 3.2: Changing Climate in North America: Implications for Crops 57 Jerry L. Hatfield Chapter 3.3: Regional Impacts of Climate Change: Africa 66 Ranjana Bhattacharjee, Bonny R. Ntare, Emmanuel Otoo, and Pius Z. Yanda Chapter 3.4: Regional Climate Impacts on Agriculture in Europe 78 Hermann Lotze-Campen Chapter 3.5: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union 84 Andrei Kirilenko and Nikolay Dronin Chapter 3.6: Climate Change Impact in Agriculture: Vulnerability and Adaptation Concerns of Semiarid Tropics in Asia 107 Naveen P. Singh, Ma Cynthia S. Bantilan, A. Ashok Kumar, Pasupuleti Janila, and Abu Wali R. Hassan Chapter 3.7: Climate Change Impacts in Japan and Southeast Asia: Implications for Crop Adaptation 131 Sivapuram V.R.K. Prabhakar Chapter 3.8: Regional Impacts: Australia 143 Mark S. Howden and Steven J. Crimp Chapter 4: Synthesis of Regional Impacts and Global Agricultural Adjustments 156 Neil C. Turner and Rolf Meyer Chapter 5.1: Impacts of High-Temperature Stress and Potential Opportunities for Breeding 166 Rishi P. Singh, P.V. Vara Prasad, Ambrish K. Sharma, and K. Raja Reddy Chapter 5.2: Responses to Increased Moisture Stress and Extremes: Whole Plant Response to Drought under Climate Change 186 Vincent Vadez, Jana Kholova, Sunita Choudhary, Paul Zindy, Médulline Terrier, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Pasala Ratna Kumar, and Neil C. Turner Chapter 6: Plant Responses to Increased Carbon Dioxide 198 S. Seneweera and R.M. Norton Chapter 7: Genetics Options for Improving the Productivity of Wheat in Water-Limited and Temperature-Stressed Environments 218 R.M. Trethowan and T. Mahmood Chapter 8: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Pea 238 Clarice J. Coyne, Rebecca J. McGee, Robert J. Redden, Mike J. Ambrose, Bonnie J. Furman, and Carol A. Miles Chapter 9: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Chickpea 251 Muhammad Imtiaz, Rajinder S. Malhotra, and Shyam S. Yadav Chapter 10: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: faba bean 269 Gérard Duc, Wolfgang Link, Pascal Marget, Robert J. Redden, Frederick L. Stoddard, Ana MariaTorres, and Jose I. Cubero Chapter 11: Adaptation of the Potato Crop to Changing Climates 287 Roland Schafleitner, Julian Ramirez, Andy Jarvis, Daniele Evers, Raymundo Gutierrez, and Mariah Scurrah Chapter 12: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Rice 298 Tanguy Lafarge, Shaobing Peng, Toshihiro Hasegawa, William P. Quick, S.V. Krishna Jagadish, and Reiner Wassmann Chapter 13: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Maize 314 Mark E. Westgate and Jerry L. Hatfield Chapter 14: Sorghum Genetic Enhancement for Climate Change Adaptation 326 Belum V.S. Reddy, A. Ashok Kumar, Sampangiramireddy Ramesh, and Pulluru S. Reddy Chapter 15: Breeding Cowpea for Future Climates 340 Anthony E. Hall Chapter 16: Genetic Improvement of Common Beans and the Challenges of Climate Change 356 Stephen Beebe, Julian Ramirez, Andy Jarvis, Idupulapati M. Rao, Gloria Mosquera, Juan M. Bueno, and Matthew W. Blair Chapter 17: Improving Soybean Cultivars for Adaptation to Climate Change and Climate Variability 370 Kenneth J. Boote Chapter 18: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Vegetables 396 Robert C. de la Peña, Andreas W. Ebert, Paul A. Gniffke, Peter Hanson, and Rachael C. Symonds Chapter 19: Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates 411 Hernán Ceballos, Julian Ramirez, Anthony C. Bellotti, Andy Jarvis, and Elizabeth Alvarez Chapter 20: Changing Climates: Effects on Growing Conditions for Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.) and Possible Responses 426 Julian Ramirez, Andy Jarvis, Inge Van den Bergh, Charles Staver, and David Turner Chapter 21: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Sugarcane 439 Geoff Inman-Bamber, Phillip Jackson, and Maryse Bourgault Chapter 22: Breeding Oilseed Brassica for Climate Change 448 Phillip A. Salisbury and Martin J. Barbetti Chapter 23: The Genetic Envelope of Winegrape Vines: Potential for Adaptation to Future Climate Challenges 464 Leanne B. Webb, Peter R. Clingeleffer, and Stephen D. Tyerman Chapter 24: The Potential of Climate Change Adjustment in Crops: A Synthesis 482 Robert J. Redden, Shyam S. Yadav, Jerry L. Hatfield, Boddupalli M. Prasanna, Surinder K. Vasal, and Tanguy Lafarge Chapter 25: Crop Germplasm Diversity: The Role of Gene Bank Collections in Facilitating Adaptation to Climate Change 495 Laura K. Snook, M. Ehsan Dulloo, Andy Jarvis, Xavier Scheldeman, and Margaret Kneller Chapter 26: Underutilized Species and Climate Change: Current Status and Outlook 507 Stefano Padulosi, Vernon Heywood, Danny Hunter, and Andy Jarvis Chapter 27: Wild Relative and Transgenic Innovation for Enhancing Crop Adaptation to Warmer and Drier Climate 522 Gang-Ping Xue and C. Lynne McIntyre Chapter 28: Energy Crops to Combat Climate Change 546 Abdullah A. Jaradat Chapter 29: Research from the Past to the Future 556 EC (Ted) Wolfe Index 571