China's extraordinary economic development is explained in large part by the way it innovates.

Contrary to widely held views, China's innovation machine is not created and controlled by an all-powerful government. Instead, it is a complex, interdependent system composed of various elements, involving bottom-up innovation driven by innovators and entrepreneurs and highly pragmatic and adaptive top-down policy. Using case studies of leading firms and industries, along with statistics and policy analysis, this book argues that China's innovation machine is similar to a natural ecosystem. Innovations in technology, organization, and business models resemble genetic mutations which are initially random, self-serving, and isolated, but the best fitting are selected by the market and their impacts are amplified by the innovation machine. This machine draws on China's multitude manufacturers, supply chains, innovation clusters, and digitally literate population, connected through super-sized digital platforms.

China's innovation suffers from a lack of basic research and reliance upon certain critical technologies from overseas, yet its scale (size) and scope (diversity) possess attributes that make it self-correcting and stronger in the face of challenges. China's innovation machine is most effective in a policy environment where the market prevails; policy intervention plays a significant role when market mechanisms are premature or fail. The future success of China's innovation will depend on continuing policy pragmatism, mass innovation, and entrepreneurship, and the development of the 'new infrastructures'.

About the Author:
Marina Zhang, Associate professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Mark Dodgson, Emeritus Professor, University of Queensland, David Gann, Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, University of Oxford

Marina Yue Zhang is an associate professor of innovation and entrepreneurship at Swinburne University of Technology. She holds a bachelor's degree in biological sciences from Peking University, and a PhD from Australian National University. She held academic positions at Tsinghua University and UNSW. Before her academic career, Marina worked for IBM and Ericsson, and co-founded two technology startups in China. Her current research looks into innovation ecosystem, technology entrepreneurship, smart manufacturing, and latecomer catch-up in innovation.

Mark Dodgson is Emeritus Professor at the University of Queensland, Australia, and Visiting Professor at Imperial College London, UK. His PhD is from Imperial College London. His previous roles include Executive Director of the National Graduate School of Management at the Australian National University. He has been on the board of two multi-billion dollar companies and five start-ups. He has advised numerous companies and governments throughout Europe, Asia and North, and South America and has researched and taught in over 60 countries.

David Gann is Pro-Vice-Chancellor, Development and External Affairs, and Professor of Innovation & Entrepreneurship at Saïd Business School and Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, UK. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer, Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Art, and Fellow of the City & Guilds Institute. He is a university and business leader with extensive international experience in innovation strategy and technology management, and has formed 5 companies, mentors start-ups, and advises boards on innovation and technology management. His research explores why and how innovation happens, the ways it continually transforms the world we live in, and how it can be managed.