Echocardiography is the application of ultrasound to examine the conditions of heart ultrasound has revolutionized clinical practice. It is a practically useful, widely available, cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic tool. It helps to solve vexing clinical dilemmas. This book provides a precise and practical account of echo cardiography. It provides a basic introduction of diagnostic principles and application of ultrasound technique and echomodalities including 2-D echo, M-Mode scan, Doppler echo and clolur-flow mapping. It explains duely the pitfalls in diagnosis, differentiation between seemingly similar findings, their causation and their clinical relevance. Includes a bonus DVD containing descriptions and visual images that test and reinforce the knowledge of the reader. Perfect resource for residents preparing for exams and a good reference for practicing clinicians. 1. What is an Echo? * Principle of Ultrasound, * Principle of Doppler, 2. Conventional Echo, * Two-dimensional (2-D) Echo, *Motion-mode (M-Mode) Echo, *Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler, *Pulsed Wave (PW), *Clinical Applications of Conventional Echo, 3. Colour Doppler Echo, *Principle, *Technique, *Advantages, *Limitations, *Applications, 4. The Echo Windows, *Transthoracic Echo, *Echo Windows, *Transoesophageal Echo, *Future Directions in Echo, 5. Normal Views and Values, * Normal Echo, *Sequence opf Scanning, *What is Normal Variants, *Normal Values, *Normal Valves, 6. Ventricular Dysfunction, *LV Systolic Dysfunction, *LV Diastolic Dysfunction, *RV Dysfunction, 7. Cardiomyopathies, *Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCMP), *Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCMP), *Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM), 8. Coronary Artery Diseases, *Indications for Echo in Coronary Artery Diseases, *Myocardial Ischemia, *Myocardial Inferction, *Left Ventricular Dysfunction, *Right Ventricular Dysfunction, *Acute Mitral Regurgitation, *Acute Ventricular Septal Defect, *Left Ventricular Aneurysm, *Ventricular Mural Thrombus, *Acute Pericardial Effusion, *Coronary Artery Anomalies, *Simulating Conditions, *Stress Echocardiography, 9. Systemic Hypertension, 10. Pulmonary Hypertension, 11. Aortic Diseases, 12. Congenital Heart Diseases, *Ventricular Septal Defect, *Atrial Septal Defect, *Patent Ductus Arteriosus, *Tetralogy of Fallot, *Eisenmenger Reaction, *Quantification of Shunt, 13. Valvular Diseases, *Mitral Stenosis, *Mitral Valve Prolapse, *Flail Mitral Leaflet, *Mitral Annular Calcification, *Mitral Regurgitation, *Tricuspid Stenosis, *Tricused Regurgitation, *Ebstein's Anomaly, *Aortic Stenosis, *Aortic Regurgitation, *Pulmonary Stenosis, *Pulmonary Regurgitation, 14. Pericardial Effusion, *Pericardial Effusion, *Cardiac Tamponade, *Constrictive Pericarditis, 15. Endocardial Diseases, 16. Intracardiac Masses, * Cardiac Tumours, *Left Atrial Myxoma, *Cardiac Thrombi, *Ventricular Thrombus, 17. Thromboembolic Diseases, 18. Systemic Diseases.