Embedded Cryptography 1

Embedded Cryptography provides a comprehensive exploration of cryptographic techniques tailored for embedded systems, addressing the growing importance of security in devices such as mobile systems and IoT. The books explore the evolution of embedded cryptography since its inception in the mid-90s and cover both theoretical and practical aspects, as well as discussing the implementation of cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, ECC and post-quantum algorithms. The work is structured into three volumes, spanning forty chapters and nine parts, and is enriched with pedagogical materials and real-world case studies, designed for researchers, professionals, and students alike, offering insights into both foundational and advanced topics in the field. Embedded Cryptography 1 is dedicated to software side-channel attacks, hardware side-channel attacks and fault injection attacks.

Table of Contents:
Preface xiii Emmanuel PROUFF, Guénaël RENAULT, Matthieu RIVAIN and Colin O'FLYNN Part 1. Software Side-Channel Attacks 1 Chapter 1. Timing Attacks 3 Daniel PAGE 1.1. Foundations 3 1.2. Example attacks 10 1.3. Example mitigations 20 1.4. Notes and further references 21 1.5. References 24 Chapter 2. Microarchitectural Attacks 31 Yuval YAROM 2.1. Background 31 2.2. The Prime+Probe attack 34 2.3. The Flush+Reload attack 41 2.4. Attacking other microarchitectural components 45 2.5. Constant-time programming 47 2.6. Covert channels 50 2.7. Transient-execution attacks 51 2.8. Summary 54 2.9. Notes and further references 54 2.10. References 57 Part 2. Hardware Side-Channel Attacks 65 Chapter 3. Leakage and Attack Tools 67 Davide BELLIZIA and Adrian THILLARD 3.1. Introduction 67 3.2. Data-dependent physical emissions 67 3.3. Measuring a side-channel 75 3.4. Leakage modeling 78 3.5. Notes and further references 86 3.6. References 87 Chapter 4. Supervised Attacks 91 Eleonora CAGLI and Loïc MASURE 4.1. General framework 91 4.2. Building a model 98 4.3. Controlling the dimensionality 105 4.4. Building de-synchronization-resistant models 108 4.5. Summary of the chapter 112 4.6. Notes and further references 113 4.7. References 115 Chapter 5. Unsupervised Attacks 117 Cécile DUMAS 5.1. Introduction 117 5.2. Distinguishers 122 5.3. Likelihood distinguisher 123 5.4. Mutual information 129 5.5. Correlation 136 5.6. A priori knowledge synthesis 139 5.7. Conclusion on statistical tools 142 5.8. Exercise solutions 144 5.9. Notes and further references 149 5.10. References 150 Chapter 6. Quantities to Judge Side Channel Resilience 153 Elisabeth OSWALD 6.1. Introduction 153 6.2. Metrics for comparing the effectiveness of specific attack vectors 156 6.3. Metrics for evaluating the leakage (somewhat) independent of a specific attack vector 158 6.4. Metrics for evaluating the remaining effort of an adversary 160 6.5. Leakage detection as a radical alternative to attack driven evaluations 162 6.6. Formal evaluation schemes 164 6.7. References 167 Chapter 7. Countermeasures and Advanced Attacks 171 Brice COLOMBIER and Vincent GROSSO 7.1. Introduction 171 7.2. Misalignment of traces 173 7.3. Masking 180 7.4. Combination of countermeasures 183 7.5. To go further 184 7.6. References 185 Chapter 8. Mode-Level Side-Channel Countermeasures 187 Olivier PEREIRA, Thomas PETERS and François-Xavier STANDAERT 8.1. Introduction 187 8.2. Building blocks 188 8.3. Security definitions 190 8.4. Leakage models 197 8.5. Constructions 201 8.6. Acknowledgments 208 8.7. Notes and further references 208 8.8. References 210 Part 3. Fault Injection Attacks 213 Chapter 9. An Introduction to Fault Injection Attacks 215 Jean-Max DUTERTRE and Jessy CLÉDIÈRE 9.1. Fault injection attacks, disturbance of electronic components 216 9.2. Practical examples of fault injection attacks 262 9.3. Notes and further references 272 9.4. References 273 Chapter 10. Fault Attacks on Symmetric Cryptography 277 Debdeep MUKHOPADHYAY and Sayandeep SAHA 10.1. Introduction 277 10.2. Differential fault analysis 278 10.3. Automation of DFA 286 10.4. DFA countermeasures: general idea and taxonomy 289 10.5. Advanced FA 292 10.6. Leakage assessment in fault attacks 302 10.7. Chapter summary 305 10.8. Notes and further references 306 10.9. References 307 Chapter 11. Fault Attacks on Public-key Cryptographic Algorithms 311 Michael TUNSTALL and Guillaume BARBU 11.1. Introduction 311 11.2. Preliminaries 312 11.3. Attacking the RSA using the Chinese remainder theorem 315 11.4. Attacking a modular exponentiation 316 11.5. Attacking the ECDSA 318 11.6. Other attack strategies 319 11.7. Countermeasures 321 11.8. Conclusion 324 11.9. Notes and further references 325 11.10. References 328 Chapter 12. Fault Countermeasures 333 Patrick SCHAUMONT and Richa SINGH 12.1. Anatomy of a fault attack 333 12.2. Understanding the attacker 334 12.3. Taxonomy of fault countermeasures 336 12.4. Fault countermeasure principles 337 12.5. Fault countermeasure examples 340 12.5.1. Algorithm level countermeasures 340 12.6. ISA level countermeasures 342 12.7. RTL-level countermeasures 343 12.8. Circuit-level countermeasures 343 12.9. Design automation of fault countermeasures 344 12.10. Notes and further references 345 12.11. References 348 List of Authors 355 Index 357 Summary of Volume 2 363 Summary of Volume 3 371