Europa 1939
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Europa 1939

Europa 1939


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1939 El año de la paz y de la guerra

El año 1939 no sólo fue el año que marcó la división entre la paz y la guerra, sino sobre todo el año en que maduraron las condiciones para la transición de la paz a la guerra. 1938 había terminado con una clara victoria del frente europeo pro-appeasement1 (lo que algunos llaman el "partido de Múnich") y una derrota igualmente clara del "partido anti-Múnich".

Ahora bien, los cuatro primeros meses de 1939 estuvieron marcados por la repentina aceleración impuesta por Hitler a la cuestión checoslovaca con un medio Anschluss2 disfrazado de "Protectorado" de Bohemia-Moravia. Esta aceleración fue, en cierto modo, una respuesta a las maniobras del partido anti-Múnich en las principales democracias occidentales; pero también permitió que el frente de guerra se impusiera especialmente en Londres, empujando a Polonia a una intransigencia suicida en la crisis de Danzig. Esto marcó el inicio de un conflicto regional que más tarde desembocaría en una nueva guerra mundial.

Para Italia, 1939 fue el año de un abrupto retorno a la realidad, de la derrota de la diplomacia de Mussolini que tendía hacia un acuerdo permanente ítalo-alemán-franco-inglés para la paz en Europa (como prefiguraron el Pacto de las Cuatro Potencias de 1933 hasta el Acuerdo de Múnich de 1938). En su lugar, se esbozó un escenario de oposición ideológica (potencias democráticas frente a potencias totalitarias) que sólo podría desembocar en una guerra de dimensiones al menos continentales.

Fue lo que más tarde se convertiría en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ciertamente no deseada por Mussolini, que intentó evitarla literalmente hasta el último día. Otro tanto cabe decir -a pesar de la vulgata propia de la historiografía dominante- sobre la actitud de Hitler: éste buscó un entendimiento con Inglaterra (como se verá en un volumen posterior sobre la historia de 1940). Del mismo modo. la guerra mundial no fue deseada tampoco por el primer ministro francés Daladier (partidario de la mediación italiana) ni por el dictador soviético Stalin (interesado en una reconquista lo más indolora posible de los territorios que antes habían pertenecido a la Rusia zarista).


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9798872115755
  • Publisher: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Spanish
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Años Decisivos
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 8872115752
  • Publisher Date: 17 Dec 2023
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 556
  • Spine Width: 31 mm
  • Weight: 856 gr


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