Antenna plays an integral and very essential function in advance wireless
communication networks. It is a tool that couples the transmitter to the receiver. It is a
device for receiving or radiating the radio waves. Nowadays the market for an antenna
with the conformal operation is increasing. It has therefore attracted many researchers to
study advanced antenna types. Microstrip patch antenna has many advantages and
excellent functionality compared to traditional antennas. The microstrip patch antenna is
very effective and useful in its geometrical shapes and functional applications. There are
numerous antenna types, such as aperture, loop, lens, reflector, and microstrip patch
antenna (MSA), etc. One of the most flexible and conformal antenna in between them is
the microstrip patch antenna. The layout and fabrication of the microstrip conformal
antenna is very simple.
In communication system, an antenna is a transducer device that converts the
electrical energy in to radio electromagnetic wave and vice versa and it treated as radio
wave transmitter and receiver. According to IEEE standard "an Antenna means the
transmission and reception of radio waves. The antenna is categories on the basis of their geometry and their applications. Each antenna has different characteristics and can be used for different applications.
Generally a microstrip patch antenna exhibits the gain near 5 dB and -3dB half power
beam-width (HPBW) around 70° and 90° in vertical (E) and horizontal (H) plane
respectively. The Commonly used patch structures are rectangle, ellipse, triangle, ring
and disk.
All wireless communication systems require antennas which are miniature in size,
light weight, and easy to install. Kumar and Ray focus on the demand of
communication systems in the commercial sector is to evolve low profile antennas that
are cost-effective, light weight, and capable to handling the wide frequency range in the
advance communication system. The developments of microstrip patch antennas(MSA)
fulfill these requirements and exhibits several advantages in compare to other antennas
and it have several potential application in medical, satellite communication, mobile
systems, broadcast radio and military systems like as Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),
rockets, aircrafts, missiles, GPS system etc. MSA are lightweight, cost-effective and
simple in fabrication and also they can be fit (conform) to any geometry (planar and
non-planar).
