Flooding is the most common natural hazard in the United States and results in more fatalities and higher losses on average than any other natural hazard. Since 2001, the average annual flood losses in the United States were more than $10.4 billion, and from 1978 to mid-2012, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) paid more than $41.3 billion in flood insurance claims. Flood hazard mitigation can be achieved in several ways and is often different for buildings that are used for non-residential purposes such as business or industry, as compared to residential buildings such as homes and apartments. To that end, in 1986, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) published FEMA 102, Floodproofing for Non-Residential Structures (FEMA 1986). The publication provided guidance to local officials, building owners, designers, contractors and other individuals or organizations interested in the design and implementation of floodproofing retrofits in non-residential structures. The guidance in FEMA 102 covers a broad range of floodproofing techniques that can be used in new and existing non-residential buildings to reduce or eliminate the potential for damage from flooding. FEMA 102 is currently one of only a few documents in the FEMA Library that provides design professionals and community officials with guidance on floodproofing non-residential buildings. However, since its publication in 1986, floodproofing techniques and technology have evolved such that updated guidance on the subject is needed. FEMA P-936, Floodproofing Non-Residential Buildings, provides current guidance on floodproofing retrofits for non-residential buildings. The primary objective of this publication is to provide guidance on floodproofing existing non-residential buildings in riverine areas and coastal areas that are not subject to wave action. Floodproofing will be most successful in areas subject to relatively shallow flood depths. The floodproofing concepts in this document may be applicable to: Core areas of critical facilities; Buildings subject to frequent, low-level flooding for a level of protection lower than the base flood elevation (BFE); New construction. Additionally, a portion of the document describes dry floodproofing specific to new construction. The publication focuses primarily on dry floodproofing but provides an overview of other retrofit methods that can be used in conjunction with or independent of dry floodproofing, including: Wet floodproofing; Floodwalls; Levees; Protection of utilities; Emergency floodproofing measures. The publication is intended to assist local government officials, engineers, architects, and property owners involved in the planning and implementation of floodproofing retrofits. Retrofits may be proposed voluntarily by the owner to reduce damage or may be necessary to meet building codes or floodplain management regulations. The following topics are not covered in detail: Residential construction, including large apartment and condominium complexes with multiple buildings, retirement homes, and nursing homes; Operational considerations of floodproofing critical facilities; Elevation; Relocation; Wave loads and Coastal A Zones. Building location, size, construction, function, and historic preservation factors dictate which floodproofing measure or measures will provide the most protection. The more complex the building, the more complex it is to protect. FEMA P-936.