General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: An Integrated Approach Plus MasteringChemistry with eText -- Access Card Package

Drawing on 20 years of teaching allied health and pre-professional students, authors Laura Frost and Todd Deal have created this innovative new text for your GOB chemistry course.  General, organic, and biological chemistry topics are integrated throughout each chapter in a manner that immediately relates chemistry to your future allied health career and everyday life. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: An Integrated Approach with MasteringChemistry® introduces the problem-solving skills you will need to assess situations critically on the job. Unique guided-inquiry activities are incorporated after each chapter, guiding you through an exploration of the information to develop chemical concepts, and then apply the developed concept to further examples.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1:  Chemistry:  It’s All About “Stuff” 1.1    “Stuff” is Matter Matter:  Mass and Volume Math Matters – Metric Units and Prefixes States of Matter 1.2    Gas Behavior – An Introduction to the Behavior of Matter Gases and Pressure Pressure and Volume – Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law and Breathing Math Matters – Significant Figures and Rounding Calculator Results Gases and Temperature Temperature and Volume – Charles’s Law 1.3    Classifying Matter : Mixture or Pure Substance Mixtures Pure Substances 1.4    Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table Compounds 1.5    How Matter Changes Physical Change Chemical Reaction Chemical Equations Summary Key Terms Important Equations Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 2 Chapter 2:  Atoms, Radioactivity, and Ions 2.1    The Atom and Subatomic Particles Charges Subatomic Particles Structure of an Atom 2.2    Atomic Number and Mass Number Atomic Number Mass Number 2.3    Isotopes and Atomic Mass Atomic Mass 2.4    Measuring Atoms: The Mole Math Matters – Scientific Notation Avogadro’s Number 2.5    Electron Arrangements 2.6    Radioactivity and Radioisotopes Types of Radiation 2.7    Nuclear Equations and Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Decay Producing Radioactive Isotopes 2.8    Radiation Units and Half-Lives Radioactivity Units Half Life 2.9    Medical Applications for Radioisotopes Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 3 Chapter 3:  Compounds: Putting Particles Together 3.1    The Octet Rule 3.2    In Search of an Octet Part 1: Ion Formation Trends in Ion Formation Naming Ions Important Ions in the Body 3.3    Ionic Compounds – Give and Take Formulas of Ionic Compounds Naming Ionic Compounds 3.4    In Search of an Octet Part 2: Covalent Bonding Formulas and Structures of Covalent Compounds Naming Covalent Compounds 3.5    Getting Covalent Compounds into Shape     Determining the Shape of a Molecule Lone Pairs and their Effect on Molecular Shape Molecular Shape of Larger Molecules 3.6    Electronegativity and Molecular Polarity     Electronegativity     Molecular Polarity Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 4 Chapter 4:  Introduction to Organic Compounds 4.1    Alkanes – The Simplest Organic Compounds Straight chain alkanes Cycloalkanes 4.2    Representing the Structures of Organic Compounds Condensed structural formulas Skeletal structures Cyclic alkanes 4.3    Fatty Acids — Biological Hydrocarbons Alkanes are non-polar compounds Structure and polarity of fatty acid molecules Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acids in our diet 4.4    Families of Organic Compounds – Functional Groups Unsaturated hydrocarbons – Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics 4.5    Isomerism in Organic Compounds, Part 1 Structural isomers Conformational isomers Nomenclature of simple compounds Branched chain alkanes Haloalkanes Cycloalkanes 4.6    Isomerism in Organic Compounds, Part 2 Cis/Trans isomerism in cycloalkanes Cis/Trans isomerism in alkenes Stereoisomerism in chiral molecules The consequences of chirality Summary Key Terms Summary of Reactions Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 5 Chapter 5:   Carbohydrates:  Life’s Sweet Molecules 5.1    Carbohydrates 5.2    Monosaccharide Structure     Functional Groups in Monosaccharides – Alcohol, Aldehyde, and Ketone         Alcohol         Aldehyde         Ketone Stereochemistry in Monosaccharides Multiple Chiral Centers Representing Stereoisomers – The Fischer Projection Stereoisomers That are Not Enantiomers Some Important Monosaccharides 5.3    Oxidation and Reduction Reactions     Oxidation and Reduction     Monosaccharides and Redox 5.4    Ring Formation – The Truth about Monosaccharide Structure 5.5    Disaccharides Condensation and Hydrolysis – Forming and Breaking Glycosidic Bonds Naming Glycosidic Linkages Some Important Disaccharides Maltose Lactose Sucrose    Relative Sweetness of Monosaccharides and Sucrose 5.6    Polysaccharides Storage Polysaccharides Amylose and Amylopectin Glycogen Structural Polysaccharides Cellulose Chitin 5.7    Carbohydrates and Blood ABO Blood Groups Heparin Summary Key Terms Summary of Reactions Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 6 Chapter 6: Intermolecular Forces: State Changes, Solubility, and Cell Membranes 6.1    Types of Intermolecular Forces London Forces Dipole-Dipole Attractions Hydrogen Bonding Ion-Dipole Attraction: A Similar Force 6.2    Intermolecular Forces and Solubility The Golden Rule of Solubility Applying the Golden Rule: To Non-polar Compounds Applying the Golden Rule: To Polar Compounds Applying the Golden Rule: To Ionic Compounds The Unique Chemistry of Soap 6.3  Intermolecular Forces and Changes of State Heat and Intermolecular Forces Boiling Points and Alkanes The Unusual Behavior of Water 6.4  Fats, Oils, and Margarine – Solid to Liquid and Back Again Fats Oils Margarine: Changing the Liquid to a Solid Trans Fats 6.5  Intermolecular Forces and the Cell Membrane A Quick Look at Phospholipids The Cell Membrane is a Bilayer Cholesterol in Membranes Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 7 Chapter 7: Solution Chemistry:  How Sweet is Your Tea? 7.1    Solutions are Mixtures Phases of Solutes and Solvents Colloids and Suspensions  7.2    Formation of Solutions Factors Affecting Solubility and Saturated Solutions Solubility and Temperature Solubility and Pressure – Henry’s Law 7.3    Chemical Equations for Solution Formation – Electrolytes Strong Electrolytes Nonelectrolytes Weak Electrolytes Ionic Solutions and Equivalents 7.4    Concentration Milliequivalents per Liter (mEq/L) Millimoles per Liter (mmol/L) and Molarity (M) Percent (%) Math Matters – Percent     Mass / volume Percent (% m/v)     Relationship to Other Common Units     Mass / mass Percent (% m/m)     Volume / volume Percent (% v/v) Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb) 7.5    Dilution 7.6    Osmosis and Diffusion Osmosis Diffusion and Dialysis 7.7    Transport Across Cell Membranes Diffusion, Facilitated Transport, and Active Transport Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 6 Chapter 8:  Acids, Bases, and the Building Blocks of Life 8.1    Acids and Bases – Definitions Acids Bases 8.2    Strong Acids and Bases Neutralization Antacids 8.3    Chemical Equilibrium The Equilibrium Constant, Keq Effect of Concentration on Equilibrium Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium 8.4    Weak Acids and Bases     Equilibrium The Equilibrium Constant Ka     Conjugate Acids and Bases 8.5    pH and the pH scale     The Autoionization of Water, Kw     [H3O+], [OH-], and pH     Measuring pH Math Matters – Logarithms and Inverse Logarithms     Calculating pH     Calculating [H3O+] 8.6    pKa  The relationship between pH and pKa 8.7    Amino Acids:  Common Biological Weak Acids 8.8    Buffers:  An Important Property of Weak Acids and Bases     Maintaining Physiological pH with Bicarbonate Buffer:  Homeostasis         Changes in Ventilation Rate         Changes in Metabolic Acid Production Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 9 Chapter 9:  Proteins – Amides at Work 9.1 Amino Acids – A second look Amino Acid Structure Amino Acid Classification 9.2    Protein Formation Condensation Reaction of Amino Acids Amide or Peptide, Which Is It? 9.3    Protein Structure Primary Structure – N-terminus & C-terminus Secondary structure      a-helix     b-strands and sheets Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure 9.4  Protein Denaturation 9.5  Sample Proteins     Hemoglobin     Collagen Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 10 Chapter 10:  Enzymes – Nature’s Chemists 10.1    Enzymes and Their Substrates Active site Catalysis 10.2    Enzyme Activity 10.3     Reaction Energetics and Thermodynamics 10.4      Reaction Energy Diagrams 10.5     Activation Energy (Ea) Enzymes Lower Activation Energy Summary Key Terms Additional Problems     Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 11 Chapter 11:  Nucleic Acids – Big Molecules with a Big Role 11.1    Components of Nucleic Acids     Nitrogenous Bases     Ribose and Deoxyribose     Condensation of the Components     Naming Nucleotides 11.2    Nucleic Acid Formation     Primary Structure:  Nucleic Acid Sequence 11.3      DNA Secondary Structure:  Complementary Base Pairing Tertiary Structure:  Chromosomes 11.4      RNA and Protein Synthesis     RNA Types     Messenger RNA and Transcription     Ribosomal RNA and the Ribosome     Transfer RNA and Translation 11.5     Putting It Together:  The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis     Transcription     tRNA Activation     Translation     Termination 11.6     Genetic Mutations 11.7     Viruses     Retroviruses     HIV-1 and AIDS 11.8    Recombinant DNA Technology Therapeutic Proteins Genetically Modified Crops Genetic Testing Nuclear Transplantation – Cloning an Organism Summary Key Terms Additional Problems Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems Looking Ahead – GI problems for Chapter 12 Chapter 12:  Food As Fuel – A Metabolic Overview 12.1  Overview of Metabolism Where in the Cell? 12.2  Metabolically Relevant Nucleotides  ATP / ADP NADH / NAD+ and FADH2 / FAD Acetyl Coenzyme A / Coenzyme A 12.3  Digestion – From Fuel Molecules to Building Blocks Carbohydrates Fats Proteins   12.4  Glycolysis – From Building Blocks to Common Metabolites Chemical Reactions in Glycolysis Regulation of Glycolysis Fates of Pyruvate Aerobic Conditions Anaerobic Conditions Glycogen Fructose 12.5  The Citric Acid Cycle – Central Processing     Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle    Citric Acid Cycle Summary 12.6  Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation     Electron Transport Oxidative Phosphorylation Thermogenesis – Uncoupling ATP Synthase 12.7  ATP Production     Counting ATP from One Glucose Glycolysis Oxidation of Pyruvate Citric Acid Cycle Total ATP from Glucose Oxidation 12.8  Other Fuel Choices Energy from Fatty Acids The Beta Oxidation Cycle Cycle Repeats and ATP Production Too Much Acetyl CoA - Ketosis Energy from Amino Acids Putting It Together:  Linking the Pathways Summary Key Terms Summary of Reactions Additional Problems Challenge Problems Answers to Odd Numbered Problems