The root cause of global tensions and insecurity was the possession of nuclear weapons and arsenals by nuclear weapon states. Today the number of such nuclear states is on the rise due to lack of effective mechanism to control horizontal and vertical proliferation. With the collapse of erstwhile Soviet Union, the world witnessed an amount of relax and paved way for dramatic changes in nuclear proliferation scenario. At the same time, these nuclear weapons have played an emphatic role in maintaining deterrence and reduced conflicts among the civilised nations. The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), which came into force in March 1970, seeks to inhibit the spread of nuclear weapons. Under the treaty, the five NWS commit to pursue general and complete disarmament, while the NNWS agree to forego developing or acquiring nuclear weapons. With its near-universal membership, the NPT has the widest adherence of any arms control agreement, with only India, Israel and Pakistan remaining outside the treaty. The problem of nuclear proliferation is global, and any effective response must also be multilateral. Nine states (China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States) are known or believed to have nuclear weapons, and more than thirty others (including Japan, Germany, and South Korea) have the technological ability to quickly acquire them. Amid volatile energy costs, the accompanying push to expand nuclear energy, growing concerns about the environmental impact of fossil fuels, and the continued diffusion of scientific and technical knowledge, access to dual-use technologies seems destined to grow. It is thus evident that nuclear weapon powers despite all their pious pronouncement about dismantling of their arsenals, have made only marginal efforts to do so. India has always held that common effort by all nations is necessary to realize disarmament and safeguard world peace. It has long stressed and supported international community's sustained efforts to promote arms control and disarmament. However, the situation is not under control, and the number of nuclear arsenals is on the increase. The book brings into fore the different facets and nature of present global nuclear regime viz., Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) etc and India's role to have effective control on these weapons to maintain peace globally. This book will not only be useful to defence personnel, administrators and national security analysts but also to academics and students doing research in this area.