About the Book

The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection.

The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. The Encyclopedia encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 3, namely "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages" and contains the description of a range of terms, to grow a better understanding and foster knowledge. Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages is essential to sustainable development. Significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality. Major progress has been made on increasing access to clean water and sanitation, reducing malaria, tuberculosis, polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address many different persistent and emerging health issues.

Concretely, the defined targets are:

• Reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
• End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
• End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
• Reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and wellbeing
• Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
• Halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
• Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
• Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
• Substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
• Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
• Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
• Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing states
• Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks

Editorial Board
Mohamed Walid Abdullah
Meherun Ahmed
Monica de Andrade
Masoud Mozafari
Giorgi Pkhakadze
Tony Wall
Catherine Zeman

About the Author: Walter Leal Filho (BSc, PhD, DSc, DPhil, DEd, DL, DLitt) is a Senior Professor and Head of the Research and Transfer Centre "Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management" at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences in Germany, and Chair of Environment and Technology at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. He is the initiator of the Word Sustainable Development Symposia (WSSD-U) series, and chairs the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme. Professor Leal Filho has written, co-written, edited or co-edited more than 400 publications, including books, book chapters and papers in refereed journals.
Tony Wall (BSc Hons, PGDip, PGCHE, MA, MSc, EdD, MCIPD, NTFHEA) is a Professor, Founder and Director of the International Thriving at Work Research Group in the United Kingdom where he is the institutional lead for the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme. His research impact work has won multiple Santander International Research Excellence Awards and a National Fellowship of the Higher Education Academy. Apart from being a visiting scholar in the US and Australia, his change work includes co-founding of the Washington Ethical Leadership Summit and the TS Eliot Foundation's International Creative Practice for Wellbeing Framework.
Anabela Marisa Azul is a Researcher at the Center for Neuroscience and
Cell Biology (CNC) and the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of theUniversity of Coimbra (UC, Portugal). She holds a Ph.D. in BiologicalSciences, specializing in Ecology (2002, UC), and pursued her investigationon biology and ecology of fungi to pinpoint the role of mycorrhizal symbiosisfor sustainability of Mediterranean forests under different land use scenarios atthe Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE-UC), where she became an AssociateResearcher (from 2009 to 2014). At CFE-UC, Marisa Azul developed aholistic approach that combined innovation in food production with sustainabledevelopment and public scientific awareness to multiple actors. At CNC, from 2014 on, Marisa Azul focuses her investigation on basic researchand participatory research dynamics to pinpoint links between metabolism, health/disease, and sustainability. She has broad academic experience as aresearcher working in participatory research and interdisciplinary that linkbiomedical and life/environmental sciences, social sciences, science education, science communication, and artistic forms. Her research interestsalso lie in bringing together the academy and social/economical players. Shehas been successful in attracting national and international funding, coordinatingprojects, and mentoring young researchers on the topics mentioned. Shehas co-authored over 40 scientific publications and book chapters, co-edited4 books on Climate Change Management Series and 1 onWorld SustainabilitySeries published by Springer, co-authored 4 books for children and 2 comics, and co-produced 1 animation.
Luciana Brandli, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the University of Passo
Fundo, Brazil, working in the Ph.D. Program in Civil and EnvironmentEngineering. Her current research interests include sustainability in highereducation and green campus, management of urban infrastructure and sustainablecities, and the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. She supervises anumber of Master's and Doctoral students on engineering and environmentand sustainability issues and has in excess of 300 publications, includingbooks, book chapters, and papers in refereed journals.
Pinar Gökçin Özuyar is a Faculty Member of Faculty of Economics,
Administrative and Social Sciences at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.She received her B.S. degree in Environmental Engineering from IstanbulTechnical University in 1992 and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from BogaziciUniversity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. Her Ph.D. thesis was based on the "Thermodynamic Analysis of Treatment Plants forProducing Energy from SolidWaste" which she conducted in Germany with ajoint scholarship from Forschungzentrum Jülich and TUBITAK (NationalScience Foundation of Turkey).Defining herself as a pracademic, she has more than 25 years of experiencenot only in academia but also in the private sector working on environment andsector-specific activities in Turkey and Dubai (UAE). She has extensiveexpertise specifically in environmental auditing according to World BankStandards which is required for international financing especially duringcompany mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and greenfield projects. Workingover the years in projects involving different stakeholder groups with differentpriorities, she has the proven capacity for establishing a dialogue between suchstakeholder groups. Although coming from a technical background, her academicwork focuses on involving sustainable development into the strategiesof corporations including higher academic institutions. Currently, she teachesand leads funded research on sustainability/sustainable development especiallyfocusing on industrial ecology and regional development.