Handbook of Agricultural Biotechnology, Volume 5: Nanobiofertilizers

This book details recent advances in the applications of nanobiofertilizers as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers in boosting food production. With the steady rise of the world’s population, there is a need to increase the production of safe and nutritious food. The constant loss of arable land, as a result of various anthropogenic activities from human action, has become a threat to global biodiversity and ecosystems. Additionally, the issue of climate change has imposed many obstacles to increasing agricultural productivity, especially from biotic and abiotic stressors and temperature-limited environments, such as in high altitudes or seasonally hot regions. Because of these factors, there is a need to adopt sustainable and modern technologies that can boost and improve the rate of food production. One of the cheapest means of enhancing sustainable food production is to explore natural and unlimited beneficial microorganisms, particularly those that can increase the level of soil fertility, improve crop production and health, improve tolerance to stress, support nutrient uptake and availability, and boost natural biodiversity. The synergetic effect of nanotechnology and beneficial microorganisms for the effective bio-fabrication of nanobiofertilizers, is a sustainable solution for producing pesticide-free food. This book provides a deep insight into microbial diversity, recent techniques used for the isolation, screening, and characterization of beneficial microorganisms with eco-friendly attributes, used for bioengineering of nanobiofertilizers, as well as the application of proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and bioinformatics. The book also covers commercialization, patents, and the business and socio-economic aspects of nanobiofertilizers, as well as the role of policymakers, stakeholders, and government agencies in the translation of nanobioferilizer research into policy. Audience The book is a useful resource for a diverse audience, including industrialists, food industry professionals, agriculturists, agricultural microbiologists, plant pathologists, botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, nanotechnologists, microbial biotechnologists, farmers, policymakers, and extension workers.

Table of Contents:
Preface xxiii 1 Application of Nanobiofertilization for Bioremediation and Ecorestoration of Polluted Soil/Farmland 1 Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Margaret Oniha, Isibor Patrick Omoregie, Opeyemi Isaac Ayanda, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and John Tsado Mathew 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Nanoparticles 3 1.3 Nanobiofertilization in Bioremediation 10 1.4 Application of Nanobiofertilization in Bioremediation 15 1.5 Environmental Distress 21 1.6 Conclusion 22 References 22 2 Influence of Nanobiofertilizer on Plant Yield and Growth 37 Samuel Adeniyi Oyegbade, Andrew Aladele Kolawole, Jerry Gbotemi Oni, Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Margaret Oniha and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 2.1 Introduction 38 Nanobiofertilizer 39 Composition of Nanobiofertilizer 40 Mechanisms of Nutrient Delivery and Enhanced Bioavailability 42 Seed Priming (Nanopriming) 42 Soil-Based Application 43 Nanobiofertilizer Plant System Interaction 43 Impact of Nanobiofertilizer on Plant Biomass 44 Factors Contributing to Enhanced Plant Growth 45 Comparison of Biomass Enhancement with Traditional Fertilizers 47 Nanobiofertilizer-Induced Biomass and Chlorophyll Content Enhancement 49 Crop-Specific Responses to Nanobiofertilizers 49 Case Studies Highlighting Positive Outcomes on Various Crops 50 Environmental and Economic Considerations on the Use of Nanobiofertilizers 52 Comparison of Nanobiofertilizers with Traditional Fertilizers in Terms of Cost and Effectiveness 53 Potential Long-Term Benefits for Soil Health and Ecosystem 54 Addressing Concerns Related to Nanoparticle Toxicity and Accumulation 55 Need for Standardized Testing Protocols and Safety Assessments 56 Exploration of Innovative Nanobiofertilizer Formulations and Delivery Methods 57 Strategies for Incorporating Nanobiofertilizers into Existing Farming Systems 57 Synergistic Effects of Combining Nanobiofertilizers with Other Sustainable Practices 58 Practical Considerations for Large-Scale Implementation 58 Potential to Revolutionize Agriculture and Contribute to Food Security 59 Call to Action for Continued Research, Development, and Adoption of Nanobiofertilizers 60 Conclusion 60 References 61 3 Effect of Bionanofertilizer on Proximate Composition of Crops 71 Oluwadurotimi Samuel Aworunse, Fadekemi Akinhanmi, Ogochukwu Onwaeze, Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and John Tsado Mathew 3.1 Introduction 72 3.2 Biological Synthesis of Nanofertilizers 73 3.3 Composition of Bionanofertilizers 79 3.4 Properties of Bionanofertilizers 82 3.5 Effect of Bionanofertilizers of Proximate Parameters of Crops 84 3.6 Conclusion and Future Direction 87 References 88 4 The Role of Policy Maker, Relevant Stakeholders and Government Agency in Translating Nanobiofertilizer Research into Policy 99 Alhasssan Muhammed Alhassan, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and John Tsado Mathew 4.1 Introduction 100 4.2 Views of the Dangers of Nanotechnology and Confidence in Stakeholders 101 4.3 Policy Making Process 102 4.4 Benefits of Agencies in the Nanoproduction of Fertilizer 102 4.5 Relevant Stakeholders in the Implementation of Policy 102 4.6 Report of Nanobiofertilizers Worldwide 103 4.7 Government Agencies and Their Impact 103 4.8 Translating Research into Policy 104 4.9 Global Safety and Legal Framework for Agricultural Goods Based on Nanotechnology 107 4.10 Future Initiatives and Studies to Support the Development of Nanobiofertilizers 108 Conclusion 111 References 112 5 Structural Elucidation, Detection, and Characterization of Essential Nutrients Necessary for Soil Fertilization 117 John Tsado Mathew, Abel Inobeme, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Yakubu Azeh, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Musah Monday, Musa Safiyanu Tanko, Ezekiel Tanko, Amos Mamman, Jibrin Noah Akoji and Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole 5.1 Introduction 118 5.2 Nitrogen (N) in Soil Fertilization 123 5.3 Phosphorus (P) in Soil Fertilization 127 5.4 Potassium (K) in Soil Fertilization 131 5.5 Optimization of Nutrient Management Strategies 135 Conclusion 139 References 140 6 Effect of Nanobiofertilizer on Phytochemicals 149 John Tsado Mathew, Abel Inobeme, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Yakubu Azeh, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori, Musah Monday, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Badeggi Muhammad Umar, Amos Mamman, Jemkur Maurice and Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole 6.1 General Overview on Nanobiofertilizer 150 6.2 Constituents of Nanobiofertilizer 151 6.3 Importance of Phytochemicals in Plant Growth and Human Health 158 6.4 Mechanisms of Nanobiofertilizer on Phytochemicals 160 6.5 Recent Studies on Effect of Nanobiofertilizer on Phytochemicals 163 6.6 Conclusion and Future Trends on Nanobiofertilizer on Phytochemicals 167 References 168 7 Characterization of Nanoparticles Used as Nanobiofertilizers 175 John Tsado Mathew, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Yakubu Azeh, Musah Monday, Etsuyankpa Muhammad Bini, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Muhammad Aishetu Ibrahim, Musa Safiyanu Tanko, Amos Mamman and Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole 7.1 Introduction 176 7.2 Some Spectroscopic Characterization Technique for Nanomaterials 180 7.3 Characterization of Nanobiofertilizer Through Chemical and Biological Synthesis 187 7.4 Application of Nanobiofertilizer 189 7.5 Environmental Impact Assessment 191 7.6 Future Perspectives and Challenges 192 7.7 Conclusion 194 References 194 8 Toxicological Effects of Nanobiofertilizer on Water Body, Water Quality, Lower Plants, Zooplanktons, and Beneficial Microorganisms 201 Ezugwu Basil Utazi, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Japhet Gaius Yakubu, Tsado Priscilla Yetu, Isibor Patrick Omoregie, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Victory Igiku, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 8.1 Introduction 202 8.2 Effects of Nanofertilizer on Soil Microbial Community 203 8.3 Nanofertilizers Versus Biofertilizers: Dissimilarity in Synthesis 205 8.4 Nanobiofertilizer 206 8.5 Conclusion 217 References 219 9 Various Techniques Used in the Application of Nanobiofertilizers on Crops After Synthesis 233 Victory Igiku, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Fadekemi O. Akinhanmi, Simon Sunday Ameh, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 9.1 Introduction 234 9.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 235 9.3 Synthesis of Nanobiofertilizers 239 9.4 Methods Used in the Application of Nanobiofertilizers on Crops 240 9.5 Conclusion 244 References 244 10 Non-Target Effect, Environmental Impact, and Assessment of Nanobiofertilizer 253 Fadekemi O. Akinhanmi, Oluwadurotimi S. Aworunse, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Victory Igiku, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 10.1 Introduction 254 10.2 Environmental Impact of Nanobiofertilizer on Soil Properties 256 10.3 Non-Targeted Effects on Soil Properties 257 10.4 Recommendation and Conclusion 264 References 266 11 Reported Genes Regulating the Biological Activities in Microorganisms Used in the Formation of Nanobiofertilizers 271 Victory Igiku, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 11.1 Introduction 272 11.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 273 11.3 Genes Regulating the Biological Activities in Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria 277 11.4 Conclusion 283 References 284 12 Relevance of Molecular Genetics and Synthetic Biology Involved in the Characterization of Microorganisms Used in Nanofertilizer Research 291 Simon Sunday Ameh, Daniel Gana, Mordecai Gana, Japheth Gaius Yakubu, Amarachi Rosemary Osi, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew, Victory Igiku, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 12.1 Introduction 292 12.2 Molecular Genetics and Synthetic Biology 293 12.3 Nanotechnology 299 12.4 Constituents of Nanobiofertilizer 300 12.5 Formulation of Nanobiofertilizer 304 12.6 Microorganisms Employed in Nanobiofertilizer 304 12.7 Genetic Techniques Used to Study Microorganisms in Nanobiofertilizers 305 12.8 Conclusion 306 12.9 Recommendation 307 References 308 13 Techniques Used for Screening and Detection of Beneficial Microorganisms Used for Production of Nanobiofertilizers 315 Idris Abdullahi Dabban, Aisha Bisola Bello, Adioha Amarachi, Adejoh Suleiman Ocholi., Dewu Mansur Muhammad, Oko Joseph Odey, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola Kehinde Imisiagbaraolorun Temitope and Mohammed Bello Yerima 13.1 Introduction 316 13.2 Beneficial Microorganisms Used for Production of Nanobiofertilizers: Sources and Characteristic Traits 320 13.3 Techniques Used for Screening and Detection of Nanobiofertilizer-Producing Microbes 327 13.4 Molecular Techniques Used for Detection of Beneficial Microbes for Nanobiofertilizer Production 333 Future Perspectives 337 References 338 14 Toxicology and Adverse Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Nanobiofertilizer Pollution of the Environment; Bioaccumulation, Greenhouse Effects, and Global Warming 347 Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Japhet Gaius Yakubu, Sani Rabiu Aishat, Iseghohi Frances, Tsado Priscilla Yetu, Opeyemi Isaac Ayanda, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 14.1 Introduction 348 14.2 Chemical Fertilizers 350 14.3 Environmental Pollution Caused by Use of Chemical and Nanofertilizers 357 14.4 Toxicological Effects of Fertilizers 359 14.5 Conclusion 370 14.6 Future Perspective 371 References 371 15 Effect of Climate Changes, Weather and Other Environmental Factors Whenever Nanobiofertilizer is Applied for Crop Improvement 377 Temitope Ayinde Oluwaseyi, Abah Daniel Okochegbe, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Samuel Adeniyi Oyegbade, Enitan Emmanuella Lawal, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 15.1 Introduction 378 15.2 Nanobiofertilizers 380 15.3 Nanobiofertilizer: Pertinence to Trim Improvement 381 15.4 Nanobiofertilizer: Job in Crop Improvement 381 15.5 Nanobiofertilizer: Capability in Yield Well-Being 382 15.6 Progress Made with Nanobiofertilizers 382 15.7 Crop Improvement Outcomes Using Nanobiofertilizers 383 15.8 Environmental Factors and the Interaction of Nanobiofertilizers 383 15.9 Climate 386 15.10 Synergies and Challenges: Nanobiofertilizers in a Changing Climate 387 15.11 Weather Patterns and Nano Biofertilizer Performance 387 15.12 Strategies to Overcome Impact of Climate Changes 389 15.13 Conclusion 390 References 391 16 Effect of Nanobiofertilizer on Essential Amino Acid Constituents 395 Margaret Ikhiwili Oniha, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Aisha Bisola Bello, Mordecai Gana, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Kehinde Imisiagbaraolorun Temitope Eniola and Mohammed Bello Yerima 16.1 Introduction 396 16.2 Biofertilizers 397 16.3 Amino Acids 399 16.4 Nanofertilizers: Effect of Nanobiofertilizers on Amino Acids in Plant Growth 401 Conclusion 406 References 407 17 Relevance of Nanotechnology in Agriculture 413 Bello Oluwakemi Adetutu, Adamu Binta Buba, Fadekemi Akinhanmi, Mordecai Gana, Ezugwu Basil Utazi, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 17.1 Introduction 414 17.2 Nanotechnology’s Significance Across Industries 417 17.3 Nanotechnology in Agriculture 421 17.4 Nanotechnology in Crop Production 422 17.5 Nano-Based Crop Protection 435 17.6 Precision Farming and Sensors 440 17.7 Enhanced Nutrient Management: Utilizing Nanotechnology for Controlled Nutrient Release and Minimized Runoff 443 17.8 Challenges and Ethical Considerations in the Use of Nanomaterials in Agriculture 445 17.9 Future Directions and Research Opportunities in Nanotechnology for Agriculture 447 17.10 Conclusion 449 References 450 18 Recent Advancement Toward the Application of Proteomics, Metabolomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics for the Improvement of Nanofertilizer Research 463 Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Clement Shina Olusanya, Japhet Gaius Yakubu, Oluwadurotimi Samuel Aworunse, Ezugwu, Basil Utazi, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima 18.1 Nanobiofertilizer 464 18.2 Constituents of Nanobiofertilizer 466 18.3 Nanobiofertilizer Preparation 476 18.4 Nanobiofertilizer and Soil Fertility 477 18.5 Response of Plant to Nanobiofertilizer 477 18.6 Setback and Impact of Nanofertilizer in the Framework of Sustainable Agriculture 478 18.7 Biotechnology Tools Used in Agriculture 480 18.8 Present Status of Nanobiofertilizer Research and Application 485 18.9 Application of Biotechnology Tools for Nanobiofertilizer Improvement 486 18.10 Conclusion 487 References 487 19 Isolation Techniques Used for Molecular Characterization of Beneficial Microorganisms: Cultural, Biochemical and Molecular Characterization 491 Idris Abdullahi Dabban, Muazu Ahmad, Sherifat Ozavize Enejiyon, Ahmad Nana Hauwau, Mustapha Gani, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 19.1 Introduction 492 19.2 Techniques for Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria and Actinomycetes: Cultural, Biochemical, and Molecular (16srRNA) 496 19.3 Techniques for Isolation and Characterization of Fungi 509 19.4 Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Algae 523 19.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective 530 References 531 20 Nanoparticle: Characterization and Their Potential Role as Revolutionary Nanobiofertilizer in Agriculture 547 Nisha Sogan, Smriti Kala and Alka Rani 20.1 Introduction 547 20.2 Silver Nanoparticle Characterization and Their Potential as Nanobiofertilizers 552 20.3 Potential of Gold Nanoparticles as Nanobiofertilizer and Their Characterization 554 20.4 Zn Oxide Nanoparticles as Nanobiofertilizer 554 20.5 Actinomycete-Based Nanobiofertilizers 555 20.6 Fungus-Based Nanobiofertilizers 555 20.7 Conclusion 556 References 557 Index 561