Hermagoras, Fragments Et Temoignages by Frederique Woerther
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Hermagoras, Fragments Et Temoignages

Hermagoras, Fragments Et Temoignages


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About the Book

English summary: Hermagoras of Temmos is a major figure in the history of Greek rhetoric. Probably active around the 2nd century BC, he is known as the inventor of the "states of cause" doctrine (stasis), which consists of formulating questions that will allow him to take on opposing standpoints, in order to then determine which argument must be followed for each case. Today, the actual content of Hermagoras' doctrine is not actually known - none of the original fragments have been preserved. All previous editions were driven by the desire to reconstruct the treatise to its last subdivisions, trying to use fragments to create an illusionary unity. The present edition intends to consider Hermagoras' work by adopting more severe and coherent principles, suitable for the tradition of this rhetorician. Given that the number of reliable fragments has been obtained from indirect and (sometimes) distorted accounts, a method other than reconstitution is followed. French text. French description: Hermagoras de Temnos est aujourd'hui devenu pour les historiens une figure majeure dans l'histoire de la rhetorique grecque . Probablement actif aux alentours du IIe s. av. J.-C., il passe pour l'inventeur de la doctrine des " etats de cause " (staseis, lat. constitutio/status), qui consiste pour l'orateur a formuler la question a partir de laquelle il pourra prendre deux positions contraires, puis a determiner l'argumentation qu'il faudra suivre dans chaque cas. Algorithme universel, ces " etats de cause " permettent a la fois d'analyser toutes les situations de persuasion, de suivre un seul et unique arbre de choix et de fournir des arguments pro et contra dans toutes les situations. On ne connait aujourd'hui le contenu de la doctrine d'Hermagoras et la terminologie qui lui est associee que par l'intermediaire de temoignages indirects: aucun fragment authentique n'a ete conserve. Toutes les editions anterieures d'Hermagoras (celles de Carl Piderit en 1839, Georg Thiele en 1893 et Dieter Matthes en 1962 chez Teubner) ont ete guidees par le desir de reconstruire son traite jusque dans ses ultimes subdivisions, retrouver l'unite phantasmatique d'une uvre a partir de fragments qui pourtant ne sont, dans leur tres grande majorite, que des temoignages indirects dependant de multiples sources intermediaires, confondant parfois Hermagoras de Temnos avec deux autres de ses homonymes (Hermagoras de Temnos, disciple de Theodore et Hermagoras le Jeune), et la plupart du temps meles de critiques et de comptes rendus souvent loin d'etre infaillibles. Certaines attributions n'etaient pas suffisamment fondees et semblaient etre le fruit d'un parti pris arbitraire plutot que d'un choix scientifiquement etabli. La presente edition se propose de reprendre le dossier en adoptant des principes plus severes, plus coherents et plus adaptes a la tradition de ce rheteur: le materiau disponible n'est pas assez consistant pour une reconstitution veritable de la doctrine d'Hermagoras, d'autant que sous ce nom se sont stratifiees ou amalgamees les uvres de trois rheteurs d'epoques differentes. En realite, le nombre de fragments veritables est tres reduit et la majeure partie du materiau releve plutot des temoignages, plus ou moins directs, plus ou moins informes ou deformes. Cette mauvaise qualite d'ensemble de la tradition interdit de privilegier la reconstitution et requiert un renouvellement des methodes a suivre, impliquant une demarche beaucoup plus circonspecte dans la lignee de travaux recents, comme ceux de Malcolm Heath (University of Leeds): - La selection des fragments obeit a un critere rigoureux, puisque seuls les temoignages portant le nom d'Hermagoras (ou de ses disciples, les Hermagoreens) ont ete conserves. Contrairement a l'edition Matthes, on ne trouvera ici aucune section consacree aux passages paralleles et aux reminiscences: en raison de la nature du materiau dont on dispose (des temoignages, non des citations explicites), il est en effet impossible d'identifier de tels paralleles et reminiscences selon des criteres precis, et la tentation serait alors grande d'integrer d'autres textes evoquant les memes questions que celles qui ont ete traitees par Hermagoras. - Les temoignages ont ete decoupes sans inclure le cotexte. Cette option permet d'etablir plus aisement des comparaisons textuelles entre certains fragments et temoignages. Quand les editions disponibles etaient trop anciennes, les temoignages ont ete verifies sur les manuscrits. - Les fragments et temoignages sont divises en trois series correspondant aux trois Hermagoras (Hermagoras de Temnos, Hermagoras, disciple de Theodore et Hermagoras le Jeune). A l'interieur de chacune de ces sections, le materiau est organise de facon thematique: les informations bio-bibliographiques, puis la doctrine (definition de la rhetorique et division de sa matiere, definition des etats de cause, definitions et divisions des causes legales, des causes rationnelles, et de leurs especes, puis divers points de doctrine plus specifiques). Les temoignages (T 1, T 2, T 3) et les fragments (F 1, F 2, F 3) suivent une numerotation separee, continue et distincte pour chaque auteur. Dans les cas ou l'attribution d'un fragment ou d'un temoignage s'est averee problematique (en raison notamment de l'origine obscure et de la datation problematique de certains textes sources, mais aussi de la nature des passages retenus qui sont dans leur tres grande majorite non des citations directes mais des temoignages sujets a caution), c'est l'attribution la plus vraisemblable qui a ete conservee, et la discussion presentee dans le commentaire mentionne les autres solutions envisageables. Les temoignages dont l'attribution s'est revelee indecidable et pour lesquels il faut accepter l'existence de doute, d'incertitude ou de complete ignorance ont ete rassembles dans la derniere section: IV. Incerta. - Chaque temoignage est suivi d'un commentaire de longueur variable qui, venant se substituer au contexte conserve dans l'edition de Matthes, situe le passage, identifie la visee generale, le genre du texte et ses presupposes, evalue son degre de fiabilite, presente les strategies auctoriales qui sont a l'uvre et met ainsi en perspective l'information qu'il renferme. - Un lexique final reunit les principaux termes techniques grecs et latins, propose les equivalences non seulement entre les lexemes grecs et latins, mais aussi entre les lexemes d'une meme langue.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782251005706
  • Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
  • Publisher Imprint: Les Belles Lettres
  • Depth: 25
  • Height: 191 mm
  • No of Pages: 541
  • Series Title: Collection Des Universites De France
  • Weight: 750 gr
  • ISBN-10: 2251005706
  • Publisher Date: 24 Feb 2012
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Edition: Bilingual
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Fragments Et Temoignages
  • Width: 127 mm


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