'Horde' in old Russian means armed people, Order in English, Ordre in French, Orden in German languages all carry the same meaning. The proto-state of 'Horde from Pacific to Atlantic' or Great Tartary was a true imbroglio of colonization, wars, religions covering most of Eurasia in XIII-XVIth centuries.
The cathedrals, monuments, fortresses, relics, armors, swords, bibles, saints, warlords, artifacts, chronicles, maps and coins of 'Horde' abound, but stay mostly misinterpreted. The European part of the Great Horde fell apart into english, french, german kingdoms in XIV-XVI centuries.
The Great Strife of the Russian part of Eurasia Horde lasted nearly all of XVIIth century, the Great Tartary disintegrated into Moscuvite, Independent and Chinese Tartaries ending with Romanov dynasty usurping the throne of Russia.
The very notion of 'Mongolian Horde' allegedly enslaving Russia for 300 years was merely a concoction cooked up by German historians brought to Russia by Peter the Great. They did quite a job of distorting all of pre- Romanov's history of XIV-XVII centuries!
Who and Why invented Antiquity, Dark Ages, and Horde?
The consensual world history was manufactured in Europe in XVI-XIX centuries with political agenda of powers of that period on the basis of erroneous clerical chronology elaborated by Jesuits Joseph Justus Scaliger and Dionysius Petavius.
⦁By the middle of XVI th century the prime political agenda of Europe that reached superiority in Sciences and Technologies, but was still inferior militarily to the Evil Empire of Eurasia, was to free Europe.
⦁The concerted effort of European aristocracy, black and white Catholic clergy, Protestants, humanists and scientists in XV - XVII th centuries in creation and dissemination of fictional Ancient World served this agenda.
⦁The fictional Ancient World was created by representing events of XI-XVI centuries as ones that happened thousands of years before according to the ancient sources they wrote by authorities they invented.
⦁The European aristocracy, a considerable part of which were fugitives from Byzantine and/or the inheritors of Eurasian warlords, supported the myth of Ancient World to justify its claims to countries they ruled.
⦁The black and white Catholic clergy, Protestants developed and supported the myth of Ancient World to justify their claims of being more ancient and to separate themselves from Eurasian orthodoxy in the countries ruled by European aristocracy.
⦁The scientists supported the myth of Ancient World as safe cover for their heretic research that produced results contrarian to the tenets of Christianity. They justified their discoveries by authorities of ancient scientists they themselves invented and used as pseudonyms.
⦁The humanists developed and supported the myth of Ancient World as convenient cover for their ideas that conflicted with Christianity and aristocracy. They too justified their ideas on authorities of ancient authors of their own making and used as aliases.
Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. -George Orwell, 1984
Dr. Anatoly Fomenko is a Full Member (Academician) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Full Member of the International Higher Education Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor, Head of the Moscow State University Department of Mathematics and Mechanics. Solved the classical Plateau's Problem from the theory of minimal spectral surfaces. The author of 210 scientific publications, 26 monographs, and textbooks on mathematics, a specialist in geometry and topology, variational calculus, symplectic topology, Hamiltonian geometry and mechanics, computer geometry.