About the AuthorPrefaceAcknowledgmentCHAPTER ONE: Short Course in Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics1.1 Introduction1.2 Ideal Gas1.3 Bose-Einstein Distribution Function1.4 Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function1.4.1 The Grand Partition Function and Other Thermodynamic Functions1.4.2 The Fermi -- Dirac Distribution Function1.5 Ideal Fermi Gas1.6 Ideal Dense Plasma1.6.1 Thermodynamic Relations1.6.2 Ideal Gas and Saha Ionization1.7 Thomas--Fermi Theory1.7.1 Basic Thomas--Fermi Equations1.8 ReferencesCHAPTER TWO: Essential Physics of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)2.1 Introduction2.2 General Concept of Electromagnetisms and Electrostatics2.2.1 The Coulomb's Law2.2.2 The Electric Field2.2.3 The Gauss's Law2.3 Solution of Electrostatic Problems2.3.1 Poisson's Equation2.3.2 Laplace's Equation2.4 Electrostatic Energy2.4.1 Potential Energy of a Group of Point Charges2.4.2 Electrostatic Energy of a Charge Distribution2.4.3 Forces and Torques2.5 Maxwell's Equations2.6 Debye Length2.7 Physics of Plasmas2.8 Fluid Description of Plasma2.9 Magneto-Hydro Dynamics (MHD)2.10 Physics of Dimensional Analysis Application in Inertial Confinement Fusion ICF2.10.1 Dimensional Analysis and Scaling Concept2.10.2 Similarity and Estimating2.10.3 Self-Similarity2.10.4 General Results of Similarity2.10.5 Principles of Similarity2.11 Self-Similarity Solutions of the First and Second Kind2.12 Physics of Implosion and Explosion in ICF--Self-Similarity Methods2.13 Self-Similarity and Sedov - Taylor Problem2.14 Self-Similarity and Guderley Problem2.15 ReferencesCHAPTER THREE: Physics of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)3.1 Introduction3.2 Rates of Thermonuclear Reactions3.3 Critical Ignition Temperature for Fusion3.4 Controlled Thermonuclear Ideal Ignition Temperature3.5 Lawson Criterion3.5.1 Inertial Confinement and Lawson Criterion3.6 Bremsstrahlung Radiation3.6.1 Bremsstrahlung Plasma Radiation Losses3.6.2 Bremsstrahlung Emission Rate3.6.3 Additional Radiation Losses3.6.4 Inverse Bremsstrahlung Radiation in Inertial Confinement Fusion3.7 Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Inertial Confinement Fusion3.8 Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability in Inertial Confinement Fusion3.9 Filamentation Instability in Inertial Confinement Fusion3.10 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability3.11 ReferencesCHAPTER FOUR: Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)4.1 Introduction4.2 Overview of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)4.3 Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Process Steps4.4 A Path Towards Inertial Fusion Energy4.4.1 Direct Drive Fusion4.4.2 Indirect Drive Fusion (The Hohlraum)4.4.3 Single Beam Driver as Ignitor Concept (Fast Ignition)4.5 Inertial Fusion Confinement Implosion and Explosion Process4.5.1 Linear Compression Concept4.5.2 Cylindrical Compression Concept4.5.3 Spherical Compression Concept4.6 Basic Consideration for Fusion Target Design4.7 Targets for Direct-Drive Laser Inertial Fusion Energy4.8 Z-Pinch Target4.9 Target Fabrication4.10 Conclusion4.11 ReferencesAppendix A: Schrödinger Wave EquationA.1 IntroductionA.2 The Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation ConceptA.3 Time-In
About the Author: Dr. Bahman Zohuri currently works for Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Inc., a consulting firm that he started in 1991 when he left both the semiconductor and defense industries after many years working as a chief scientist. After graduating from the University of Illinois in the field of physics, applied mathematics, then he went to the University of New Mexico, where he studied nuclear engineering and mechanical engineering. He joined Westinghouse Electric Corporation, where he performed thermal hydraulic analysis and studied natural circulation in an inherent shutdown, heat removal system (ISHRS) in the core of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) as a secondary fully inherent shutdown system for secondary loop heat exchange. All these designs were used in nuclear safety and reliability engineering for a self-actuated shutdown system. He designed a mercury heat pipe and electromagnetic pumps for large pool concepts of a LMFBR for heat rejection purposes for this reactor around 1978, when he received a patent for it. He was subsequently, transferred to the defense division of Westinghouse, where he oversaw dynamic analysis and methods of launching and controlling MX missiles from canisters. The results were applied to MX launch seal performance and muzzle blast phenomena analysis (i.e., missile vibration and hydrodynamic shock formation). Dr. Zohuri was also involved in analytical calculations and computations in the study of nonlinear ion waves in rarefying plasma. The results were applied to the propagation of so-called soliton waves and the resulting charge collector traces in the rarefaction characterization of the corona of laser-irradiated target pellets. As part of his graduate research work at Argonne National Laboratory, he performed computations and programming of multi-exchange integrals in surface physics and solid-state physics. He earned various patents in areas such as diffusion processes and diffusion furnace design while working as a senior process engineer at various semiconductor companies, such as Intel Corp., Varian Medical Systems, and National Semiconductor Corporation. He later joined Lockheed Martin Missile and Aerospace Corporation as Senior Chief Scientist and oversaw research and development (R&D) and the study of the vulnerability, survivability, and both radiation and laser hardening of different components of the Strategic Defense Initiative, known as Star Wars.
This included payloads (i.e., IR sensor) for the Defense Support Program, the Boost Surveillance and Tracking System, and Space Surveillance and Tracking Satellite against laser and nuclear threats. While at Lockheed Martin, he also performed analyses of laser beam characteristics and nuclear radiation interactions with materials, transient radiation effects in electronics, electromagnetic pulses, system-generated electromagnetic pulses, single-event upset, blast, thermo-mechanical, hardness assurance, maintenance, and device technology.
He spent several years as a consultant at Galaxy Advanced Engineering serving Sandia National Laboratories, where he supported the development of operational hazard assessments for the Air Force Safety Center in collaboration with other researchers and third parties. Ultimately, the results were included in Air Force Instructions issued specifically for directed energy weapons operational safety. He completed the first version of a comprehensive library of detailed laser tools for airborne lasers, advanced tactical lasers, tactical high-energy lasers, and mobile/ tactical high-energy lasers, for example.
He also oversaw SDI computer programs, in connection with Battle Management C³I and artificial intelligence, and autonomous systems. He is the author of several publications and holds several patents, such as for a laser-activated radioactive decay and results of a through-bulkhead initiator. He has published the following works: Heat Pipe Design and Technology: A Practical Approach (CRC Press); Dimensional Analysis and Self-Similarity Methods for Engineering and Scientists (Springer); High Energy Laser (HEL): Tomorrow's Weapon in Directed Energy Weapons Volume I (Trafford Publishing Company); and recently the book on the subject Directed Energy Weapons and Physics of High Energy Laser with Springer. He has other books with Springer Publishing Company; Thermodynamics in Nuclear Power Plant Systems (Springer); and Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors (Springer).