1 Brief outline of the equations of fluid flow
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Eulerian and Lagrangian form of the equations
1.3 Some elements of thermodynamics 1.3.1 Ideal gas equation
1.3.2 The first law of thermodynamics
1.3.3 Heat capacity
1.3.4 Isothermal expansion or compression of an ideal gas
1.3.5 Reversible adiabatic process for an ideal gas
1.3.6 Work done by an ideal gas during an adiabatic expansion
1.3.7 Alternate form of the equations for specific internal energy and enthalpy
1.3.8 Ratio of the specific heats for air 1.3.9 The second law of thermodynamics
1.4 Conservation equations in plane geometry
1.4.1 Equation of mass conservation: the continuity equation
1.4.2 Equation of motion: the momentum equation 1.4.3 Energy balance equation
1.5 Constancy of the entropy with time for a fluid element
1.6 Entropy change for an ideal gas
1.7 Spherical geometry
1.7.1 Continuity equation
1.7.2 Equation of motion
1.7.3 Equation of energy conservation
1.8 Small amplitude disturbances: sound waves
1.9 Typical sound wave parameters 1.9.1 Typical sound intensity in normal conversation
1.9.2 Loud sounds
2 Waves of finite amplitude
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Finite amplitude waves
2.3 Change in wave profile
2.4 Formation of a normal shock wave
2.5 Time and place of formation of discontinuity 2.5.1 Example: piston moving with uniform accelerated velocity
2.5.2 Example: piston moving with a velocity >0
2.6 Another form of the equations: Riemann invariants 2.6.1 Solution of some first-order partial differential equations
2.6.2 Nonlinear equation
2.6.3 An example of nonlinear distortion
2.6.4 The breaking time &nb
