The Johns Hopkins Guide to Psychological First Aid

Psychological first aid, or PFA, is designed to mitigate the effects of acute stress and trauma and assist those in crisis to cope effectively with adversity. PFA is designed to be applied in emergencies, including disasters and terrorist attacks. In this essential guide, George S. Everly, Jr., developer of the Johns Hopkins RAPID PFA method, and Jeffrey M. Lating, his collaborator in its implementation, describe the principles and practices underpinning this psychological model in an easy-to-follow, prescriptive, and practical manner. They explain the history of PFA and persuasively demonstrate its powerful versatility. Mental health practitioners can apply PFA in all settings. It can also be used as a public-health tool to address mental health needs following critical incidents and as a means for building community resilience. Aimed at mental health practitioners, all first responders, and global health disaster teams such as Medecins Sans Frontieres and the World Health Organization, The Johns Hopkins Guide to Psychological First Aid is the first book to thoroughly explain RAPID PFA. RAPID, a unique theoretically grounded and evidence-based PFA method, follows a set of easily understood principles. In each chapter, Everly and Lating provide a step-by-step approach and include a key point summary to emphasize essential elements. A unifying case exemplifies each phase of the RAPID PFA model in an ongoing dialogue that presents ideal PFA responses, examples of common mistakes, and various outcomes. In addition to their counseling experience in Kuwait after the Gulf War and in New York City after the September 11 attacks, the authors have traveled nationally and internationally to teach the RAPID PFA method in numerous public health, fire, police, military, and faith-based settings. Beneficial to those with little or no previous mental health training, this book is an essential tool for people who want to learn, to practice, or to retain their ability to use psychological first aid effectively.

Table of Contents:
Preface Acknowledgments Part I. Psychological First Aid Chapter 1. Psychological First Aid Defining Psychological First Aid Development of the PFA Concept PFA PFA Recommended Core Competencies of PFA Validation of the Johns Hopkins RAPID PFA Model Chapter 2. Psychological Consequences of Trauma Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Depression Generalized Anxiety Panic Disorder Substance Use Psychophysiological Stress Syndromes Chapter 3. In the Wake of Disaster Types of Disasters Natural Disasters Technological Disasters Human-Made Disasters War-Related Syndromes Factors That Increase Severity Part II. Psychological First Aid Chapter 4. R—Establishing Rapport and Reflective Listening First Things First Empathy and Rapport The Empathic Cascade Historical Development Mechanisms of Action Demonstration of the R in RAPID Model Chapter 5. A—Assessment Screening Appraisal Cognitive Indicia Emotional Indicia Behavioral Indicia Spiritual Indicia Physiological Indicia Demonstration of the A in RAPID Model Key Point Summary References Chapter 6. P—Psychological Triage Urgency! Psychological or Behavioral Instability Putting It All Together Demonstration of the P in RAPID Model Chapter 7. I—Intervention Tactics to Stabilize and Mitigate Acute Distress Explanatory Guidance Anticipatory Guidance Cognitive Reframing Stress Management Instillation of a Future Orientation—Hope Enlisting the Support of Family and Friends Delay Making Any Life-Altering Decisions/Changes Faith-Based Intervention in PFA When in Doubt . . . Caution! Demonstration of the I in RAPID Model Chapter 8. D—Disposition and Facilitating Access to Continued Care Where Do We Go from Here? Encouragement Resources Demonstration of the D in RAPID Model Follow-Up and Disposition Chapter 9. Self-Care The Need for Self-Care Terminology Risk Factors Self-Care Developing a Plan Appendix Index