La Paix de Nicias Et l'Expedition de Sicile
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La Paix de Nicias Et l'Expedition de Sicile

La Paix de Nicias Et l'Expedition de Sicile


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About the Book

Dans ce troisieme volume de sa Nouvelle Histoire de la guerre du Peloponnese, Donald Kagan etudie les evenements qui vont de la signature, en 421, du traite connu sous le nom de paix de Nicias a la destruction de la flotte et du corps expeditionnaire atheniens en Sicile en 413. A peine signee, la paix de Nicias ne tarda pas a se desagreger au gre des violations commises de part et d'autre, des retournements d'alliances, de l'intervention de nouveaux acteurs et de l'affrontement de deux lignes politiques antagonistes tant a Athenes qu'a Sparte. Les tensions entre les differents camps culminerent dans un affrontement majeur, la bataille de Mantinee, en 418. La victoire que remporta alors Sparte lui permit de retablir sa reputation et son autorite sur le Peloponnese; elle vint egalement porter un coup fatal aux ambitions hegemoniques des democraties grecques emmenees par Athenes. L'expedition de Sicile, dont les preparatifs commencerent en 416, debuta elle aussi sous les pires auspices. Elle etait entachee d'un defaut funeste: celui qui l'avait concue et qui en avait ete l'avocat, Alcibiade, passa rapidement a l'ennemi; de surcroit, celui qui la dirigeait effectivement, Nicias, y etait fondamentalement hostile. Arrive en Sicile, le corps expeditionnaire athenien se heurta rapidement a des difficultes. Il commit une serie d'erreurs strategiques et tactiques qui s'avererent fatales apres l'arrivee du general spartiate Gylippe, qui sut galvaniser et reorganiser les troupes syracusaines et les mener a une victoire totale sur Athenes et ses allies. Pour Athenes, ce fut un desastre qui marqua veritablement le debut de la fin. Prenant comme fil conducteur l'examen critique de deux theses de Thucydide sur l'expedition de Sicile et sur la carriere de Nicias, Kagan analyse dans le detail les strategies et les tactiques, les enjeux diplomatiques et la vie politique interieure d'Athenes et de Sparte. La relation de l'expedition de Sicile par Thucydide est consideree comme un chef-d'oeuvre historiographique et litteraire. Dans des pages finales brillantes, Kagan montre que c'est dans le texte meme de Thucydide qu'on peut trouver de quoi construire un autre recit et contredire ses theses. En ce sens, on pourrait dire que Thucydide est certes une source a lire de facon critique (et le travail de Kagan est une deconstruction methodique des grandes theses de l'historien grec), mais qu'en laissant dans son texte de quoi tirer d'autres conclusions que les siennes, il merite aussi d'etre considere par les historiens contemporains comme un collegue, en ce qu'il reconnait, dans sa pratique, que le recit historique est une construction et son propre discours, un point de vue.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782251453101
  • Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
  • Binding: Paperback
  • No of Pages: 442
  • Sub Title: Nouvelle Histoire de la Guerre Du Peloponnese. Tome III
  • ISBN-10: 2251453105
  • Publisher Date: 03 Mar 2023
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 595 gr


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