Laser Printing of Functional Materials: 3D Microfabrication, Electronics and Biomedicine

The first book on this hot topic includes such major research areas as printed electronics, sensors, biomaterials and 3D cell printing. Well-structured and with a strong focus on applications, the text is divided in three sections with the first describing the fundamentals of laser transfer. The second provides an overview of the wide variety of materials that can be used for laser transfer processing, while the final section comprehensively discusses a number of practical uses, including printing of electronic materials, printing of 3D structures as well as large-area, high-throughput applications. The book is rounded off by a look at the future for laser printed materials. Invaluable reading for a broad audience ranging from material developers to mechanical engineers, from academic researchers to industrial developers and for those interested in the development of micro-scale additive manufacturing techniques.

Table of Contents:
Preface xv Part I Fundamentals 1 1 Introduction to Laser-Induced Transfer and Other Associated Processes 3 Pere Serra and Alberto Piqué 1.1 LIFT and Its Derivatives 3 1.2 The Laser Transfer Universe 5 1.3 Book Organization and Chapter Overview 8 1.4 Looking Ahead 12 Acknowledgments 13 References 13 2 Origins of Laser-Induced Transfer Processes 17 Christina Kryou and Ioanna Zergioti 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 EarlyWork in Laser-Induced Transfer 17 2.3 Overview of Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 19 2.4 Other Laser-Based Transfer Techniques Inspired by LIFT 27 2.5 Other Studies on LIFT 31 2.6 Conclusions 31 References 32 3 LIFT Using a Dynamic Release Layer 37 Alexandra Palla Papavlu and Thomas Lippert 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Absorbing Release Layer – Triazene Polymer 40 3.3 Front- and Backside Ablation of the Triazene Polymer 42 3.4 Examples of Materials Transferred by TP-LIFT 43 3.5 First Demonstration of Devices: OLEDs and Sensors 47 3.6 Variation of the DRL Approach: Reactive LIFT 52 3.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 54 Acknowledgments 55 Conflict of Interest 55 References 55 4 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Fluids 63 Juan M. Fernández-Pradas, Pol Sopeña, and Pere Serra 4.1 Introduction to the LIFT of Fluids 63 4.2 Mechanisms of Fluid Ejection and Deposition 67 4.3 Printing Droplets through LIFT 72 4.4 Printing Lines and Patterns with LIFT 78 4.5 Summary 81 Acknowledgments 82 References 82 5 Advances in Blister-Actuated Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (BA-LIFT) 91 Emre Turkoz, Romain Fardel, and Craig B. Arnold 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 BA-LIFT Basics 93 5.3 Why BA-LIFT? 94 5.4 Blister Formation 97 5.5 Jet Formation and Expansion 105 5.6 Application to the Transfer of Delicate Materials 113 5.7 Conclusions 117 References 117 6 Film-Free LIFT (FF-LIFT) 123 Salvatore Surdo, Alberto Diaspro, andMartí Duocastella 6.1 Introduction 123 6.2 Rheological Considerations in Traditional LIFT of Liquids 125 6.3 Fundamentals of Film-Free LIFT 131 6.4 Implementation and Optical Considerations 135 6.5 Applications 138 6.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook 141 References 142 Part II The Role of the Laser–Material Interaction in LIFT 147 7 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Metals 149 David A.Willis 7.1 Introduction, Background, and Overview 149 7.2 Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Studies of the Transfer Process 151 7.3 Advanced Modeling of LIFT 165 7.4 Research Needs and Future Directions 167 7.5 Conclusions 169 References 170 8 LIFT of Solid Films (Ceramics and Polymers) 175 Ben Mills, Daniel J. Heath,Matthias Feinaeugle, and RobertW. Eason 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 Assisted Release Processes 176 8.3 Shadowgraphy Studies and Assisted Capture 184 8.4 Applications in Energy Harvesting 188 8.5 Laser-Induced Backward Transfer (LIBT) of Nanoimprinted Polymer 193 8.6 Conclusions 197 Acknowledgments 197 References 197 9 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Soft Materials 199 Zhengyi Zhang, Ruitong Xiong, and Yong Huang 9.1 Introduction 199 9.2 Background 200 9.3 Jetting Dynamics during Laser Printing of Soft Materials 201 9.4 Laser Printing Applications Using Optimized Printing Conditions 218 9.5 Conclusions and FutureWork 220 Acknowledgments 221 References 222 10 Congruent LIFT with High-Viscosity Nanopastes 227 Raymond C.Y. Auyeung, Heungsoo Kim, and Alberto Piqué 10.1 Introduction 227 10.2 Congruent LIFT (or LDT) 229 10.3 Applications 235 10.4 Achieving Congruent Laser Transfers 242 10.5 Issues and Challenges 245 10.6 Summary 246 Acknowledgment 247 References 247 11 Laser Printing of Nanoparticles 251 Urs Zywietz, Tim Fischer, Andrey Evlyukhin, Carsten Reinhardt, and Boris Chichkov 11.1 Introduction, Setup, and Motivation 251 11.2 Laser-Induced Transfer 252 11.3 Materials for Laser Printing of Nanoparticles 254 11.4 Laser Printing from Bulk-Silicon and Silicon Films 254 11.5 Magnetic Resonances of Silicon Particles 261 11.6 Laser Printing from Prestructured Films 261 11.7 Applications: Sensing, Metasurfaces, and Additive Manufacturing 263 11.8 Outlook 266 References 266 Part III Applications 269 12 Laser Printing of ElectronicMaterials 271 Philippe Delaporte, Anne-Patricia Alloncle, and Thomas Lippert 12.1 Introduction and Context 271 12.2 Organic Thin-Film Transistor 272 12.3 Organic Light-Emitting Diode 281 12.4 Passive Components 285 12.5 Interconnection and Heterogeneous Integration 287 12.6 Conclusion 290 References 291 13 Laser Printing of Chemical and Biological Sensors 299 Ioanna Zergioti 13.1 Introduction 299 13.2 Conventional PrintingMethods for the Fabrication of Chemical and Biological Sensors 300 13.3 Laser-Based Printing Techniques: Introduction 305 13.4 Applications of Direct Laser Printing 308 13.5 Conclusions 319 List of Abbreviations 319 References 320 14 Laser Printing of Proteins and Biomaterials 329 Alexandra Palla Papavlu, Valentina Dinca, and Maria Dinescu 14.1 Introduction 329 14.2 LIFT of DNA in Solid and Liquid Phase 332 14.3 LIFT of Biomolecules 333 14.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 343 Acknowledgments 343 Conflict of Interest 343 References 344 15 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting of Cells for Tissue Engineering 349 Olivia Kérourédan,Murielle Rémy, Hugo Oliveira, Fabien Guillemot, and Raphaël Devillard 15.1 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting of Cells 349 15.2 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting for Cell Biology Studies 358 15.3 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting for Tissue-Engineering Applications 359 15.4 Conclusion 368 References 369 16 Industrial, Large-Area, and High-Throughput LIFT/LIBT Digital Printing 375 Guido Hennig, Gerhard Hochstein, and Thomas Baldermann 16.1 Introduction 375 16.2 Potential Markets and their Technical Demands on Lasersonic LIFT 377 16.3 Lasersonic LIFT/LIBT PrintingMethod 379 16.4 Optical Concept and Pulse Control of the Lasersonic Printing Machine 382 16.5 The Four-Color Lasersonic Printing Machine 387 16.6 Print Experiments and Results 392 16.7 Discussion of Effects 397 16.8 Future Directions 401 16.9 Summary 402 Acknowledgments 403 References 403 17 LIFT of 3D Metal Structures 405 Ralph Pohl, ClaasW. Visser, and Gert-willem Römer 17.1 Introduction 405 17.2 Basic Aspects of LIFT of Metals for 3D Structures 407 17.3 Properties of LIFT-Printed FreestandingMetal Pillars 413 17.4 Demonstrators and Potential Applications 420 17.5 Conclusions and Outlook 423 References 423 18 Laser Transfer of Entire Structures and Functional Devices 427 Alberto Piqué, Nicholas A. Charipar, Raymond C. Y. Auyeung, Scott A. Mathews, and Heungsoo Kim 18.1 Introduction 427 18.2 Early Demonstrations of LIFT of Entire Structures 428 18.3 Process Dynamics 431 18.4 Laser Transfer of Intact Structures 435 18.5 Laser Transfer of Components for Embedded Electronics 437 18.6 Outlook 438 18.7 Summary 440 Acknowledgments 441 References 441 Index 445