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L'Esclave qui devint Sultan

L'Esclave qui devint Sultan


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About the Book

Roukn al-Din Baybars naît en 1223 dans une tribu turque Kiptchak d'Ukraine. Il est capturé par des cavaliers mongols et vendu à un trafiquant d'esclaves qui le revend à l'émir d'Alep, en Syrie. Il incorpore une école de jeunes esclaves. Adulte, il intègre la garde de l'émir avant d'être racheté par le sultan As-Salih Ayyub. Il intègre alors la garde mamelouk au Caire.En 1237, les Mongols, qui continuent les conquêtes entamées par Gengis Khan, parviennent au Moyen-Orient. D'abord l'Iran, puis le Caucase. Ils descendent ensuite en Anatolie et affrontent les turcs Seldjoukides.En 1244, le Pape appelle à une nouvelle croisade. Seul le roi de France Louis IX y répond favorablement. Il débarque sur les côtes égyptiennes et prend la ville de Damiette. Le 20 novembre, l'armée croisée marche sur Le Caire. Les deux armées s'affrontent à Mansourah. Les croisés sont battus et le roi de France est capturé.Le sultan égyptien, as-Salih meurt le 23 novembre 1249. Son épouse, Chaddar ad-Dour, assure la régence. Mais une femme ne peut régner en pays musulman. Elle épouse l'émir Aybak et le nomme sultan. Aybak devient un problème. Chaddar ad-Dour l'assassine avant de subir le même sort. Les émirs désignent le plus puissant d'entre eux, Kutuz, comme sultan le 12 novembre 1259.En janvier 1256, Hulegü, khan d'Asie centrale, et son armée prennent la grande ville de Bagdad, où siège le calife al-Moutassim. La ville tombe le 10 février; 90.000 personnes sont tuées. A l'automne 1259, l'armée de Hulegü reprend l'offensive. L'armée du roi de Petite Arménie et celle de Bohémond d'Antioche se joignent à lui. Toute la Syrie est conquise. La voie vers l'Egypte est libre.Mais à l'été 1259, le grand khan Mongka mourut. Hulegü part pour la Mongolie. Il laisse Kitbuga aux commandes de son armée. Celui-ci poursuit l'offensive. Le 3 septembre 1260, les deux armées s'affrontent à Ain Djalout. Kitbuga est tué et les mongols s'enfuient. La tête de Kitbuga est ramenée au Caire.Kutuz avait promis Alep à Baybars. Après la bataille, il donna le poste à un de ses fidèles. Baybars décida de le tuer. Le 22 octobre 1260, il lui tend une embuscade et le tue. Les émirs présents proclament Baybars comme sultan.A la fin 1262, Baybars reprend sa guerre contre les Etats latins. Son objectif est Acre. Mais devant la difficulté, il. Il se dirige alors vers Nazareth qu'il prend facilement; suivent Césarée, Haïfa, et Arsouf.Au printemps 1266, il lance une nouvelle campagne militaire. Il entre en guerre contre Héthoum 1er, roi arménien de Cilicie. Le 24 août, l'armée arménienne, dirigée par Léo, fils de Héthoum, est écrasée. Au printemps 1268, Baybars part pour sa troisième campagne militaire. Il met le siège devant Jaffa et s'en empare. Peu après, il se met en marche vers Antioche. La ville tombe après une courte résistance.En 1277, Baybars décide de mener une dernière campagne. Il décide d'affronter les Seldjoukides qui règnent sur l'Anatolie. Mais sur la route, Baybars affronte Léo III et le met hors de combat. Ses espions informent Baybars que l'émir de Damas prépare une révolte. Il se rend à Damas pour mener enquête. Mais il est empoisonné et il meurt 13 jours plus tard, le 25 juillet, dans d'atroces douleurs.Baybars meurt à 56 ans après 17 ans de règne.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781723797521
  • Publisher: Independently Published
  • Publisher Imprint: Independently Published
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 312
  • Spine Width: 18 mm
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1723797529
  • Publisher Date: 18 Sep 2018
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 458 gr

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