Listening: Attitudes, Principles, and Skills

Listening, Sixth Edition takes an experiential approach to listening instruction, providing extensive applied examples and cases within the context of the HURIER listening model. The text encourages students to view listening as a process involving six interrelated components, which are developed along the parallel dimensions of theory and skill building. This new edition offers a companion website as well as additional and updated cases, in-text exercises, and questions for discussion. Throughout the text, new content has been added to address students’ world of evolving technology and expanding social boundaries. Included in the new edition: The complexities of listening to social media and the unique challenges presented by mediated communication New and expanded topics in Listening Challenges, including listening as it relates to career communication and business contexts Suggested techniques for encouraging others to listen The new requirements of listening across cultural and generational boundaries, emphasized throughout Opening cases that present timely issues related to the listeners’ social responsibilities A personal journal assignment in each chapter

Table of Contents:
Preface New to This Edition Organization of the Text Give Your Students Choices Acknowledgments PART I An Introduction to Listening CHAPTER 1 Improving Listening Effectiveness Outline Chapter Objectives The Importance of Listening The Changing World of Listening Reasons to Listen Accomplish Tasks and Build Relationships: The China Affair • Appreciate and Enjoy What You Hear: A Second Chance The HURIER Approach to Listening Components of the HURIER Model • Personal Listening Filters • Listening Purpose and Context • Applying the HURIER Model Understand Yourself as a Listener Listening to Self • Self-Monitoring • Constructive Feedback • Rules of Constructive Feedback • Assessing Your Listening Behavior Summary Applications Application 1: Understand the Importance and Benefits of Listening • Application 2: Understand the Components of the HURIER Model • Application 3: Understand Yourself as a Listener Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: Improving Listening Effectiveness Your HURIER Listening Profile References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 2 Listening Theory and Research Outline Chapter Objectives Theoretical Perspectives Early Perspectives on Communication • The Relational Perspective • Listening-Centered Communication What We Know About Listening Behavior Challenges in Listening Research Factors that Influence Listening Research on Listening Assessment Types of Assessment Instruments • Assessment Concerns The HURIER Model: A Behavioral Approach Developing Listening Strategy Summary Applications Application 1: Understand Relational Communication • Application 2: Understand Research in Listening • Application 3: Understand Listening Assessment • Application 4: Recognize How Situation and Purpose Influence Listening Strategy Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: Listening Theory and Research References and Recommended Reading PART II Listening: Principles and Applications CHAPTER 3 The Process of Hearing Outline Chapter Objectives Hearing: Situation and Purpose In the News: Classroom Surfing The Process of Hearing: Principles The Mechanics of Hearing • Levels of Hearing • Characteristics of Sound • Auditory Discrimination Hearing and Attention Perceptual Readiness • Selective Attention Learn to Focus Your Attention The Thought–Speech Differential • Listener Apprehension • Maintain an Appropriate Mental Attitude • Be Physically Prepared to Concentrate • Attention and Mediated Communication Develop Your Appreciative Listening Summary Applications Application 1: Focus on Your Hearing • Application 2: Identify and Reduce Distractions • Application 3: Adopt an Appropriate Listening Attitude • Application 4: Apply the Vocalized Listening Technique • Application 5: Overcome Listener Apprehension • Application 6: Behave Like a Good Listener • Application 7: Become an Appreciative Listener Hearing Messages: Short Case Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: The Process of Hearing References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 4 The Process of Understanding Outline Chapter Objectives Understanding: Situation and Purpose In the News: Why All the Misunderstandings Over Black Lives Matter? The Process of Understanding: Principles Understanding What You Hear • Inner Speech • Semantic Reactions Understanding in Two-Way Settings Sharing and Building Vocabulary • Asking Appropriate Questions • Listen to the Entire Message Understanding in One-Way Communication Settings Patterns of Organization • Note-Taking Systems • Using Notes Effectively Understanding in Mediated Communication Situations Summary Applications Application 1: Increase Your Vocabulary • Application 2: Keep in Touch with Your Inner Speech • Application 3: Listen to the Entire Message • Application 4: Ask Relevant Questions • Application 5: Listen to Distinguish Main from Supporting Ideas • Application 6: Use Appropriate Note-Taking Methods Understanding Messages: Short Case Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: The Process of Understanding References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 5 The Process of Remembering Outline Chapter Objectives Remembering: Situation and Purpose In the News: Remembering the Haiti Earthquake of 2010 The Process of Remembering: Principles Memory Systems Immediate Memory • Short-Term Memory • Long-Term Memory Obstacles to Effective Memory Repression and Distortion • Retroactive Inhibition • Primacy and Recency Effects • Rigid Thinking • Aging and Memory Paths to a Better Memory Eat Right • Increase Creativity • Reduce Stress Summary Applications Application 1: Improve Your Immediate and Short-Term Memory • Application 2: Improve Your Long-Term Memory • Application 3: Reduce Obstacles to Memory • Application 4: Increase Creative Thinking • Application 5: Reduce Stress Remembering Messages: Short Case Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: The Process of Remembering References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 6 The Process of Interpreting Outline Chapter Objectives Interpreting: Situation and Purpose In the News: Will the Real Hillary Please Stand Up? The Process of Interpreting: Principles The Nature of Empathy Types of Empathy • Individual Differences in Empathic Listening • Empathy Requires Reciprocity • Emotional Intelligence Nonverbal Communication Basic Considerations in the Interpretation of Nonverbal Cues • Facial Expression • Eye Behavior • Body Movements, Posture, and Gesture • Touch • Appearance Vocal Cues Characteristics of Voice • Silence Verbal and Nonverbal Cues Interrelate Contradicting • Substituting • Complementing • Relating and Regulating Mediated Communication and Empathic Listening Becoming an Empathic Listener Summary Applications Application 1: Develop the Cognitive Aspects of Empathy • Application 2: Develop the Perceptive Aspects of Empathy • Application 3: Develop the Behavioral Aspects of Empathy • Application 4: Interpret Your Partner’s Vocal Cues • Application 5: Identify the Ways in Which Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors Interrelate Interpreting Messages: Short Cases Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: The Process of Interpreting References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 7 The Process of Evaluating Outline Chapter Objectives Evaluating: Situation and Purpose In the News: Will the Real Reporter Please Stand Up? The Process of Evaluating: Principles Theories of Persuasion Attitude Change Theory • Consistency Theories • Social Judgment Theories Prepare Yourself for Critical Listening There’s Always More to Know • Be Ready to Modify Your Position • Consider Differences as Well as Similarities • Recognize Self-Fulfilling Prophecies • Use Indexing to Focus on Individuals Rather than Categories • Date Your Information and Constantly Reassess the Situation • There’s a Lot of Gray Between Black and White • Obtain Balanced Information and Avoid Selective Perception Elements of Persuasion Evaluate Speaker Credibility • Initial, Derived, and Terminal Credibility Evaluate Rational Appeals Distinguish Among Facts, Opinions, and Inferences • Types of Evidence and Support • Types of Reasoning • Identify Logical Fallacies Evaluate Emotional Appeals Propaganda Devices Summary Applications Application 1: Mentally Prepare Yourself to Listen Objectively • Application 2: Analyze the Speaker’s Credibility • Application 3: Analyze the Speaker’s Evidence • Application 4: Analyze the Speaker’s Reasoning • Application 5: Analyze the Speaker’s Emotional Appeals Evaluating Messages: Short Case Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: The Process of Evaluating References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 8 The Process of Responding Outline Chapter Objectives Responding: Situation and Purpose In the News: Whistle Blowing at Wells Fargo Responding to Messages: Principles Developing Your Listening Response • Your Listening Response and Your Personal Style Response Styles The Assertive Response • Supportive Responses Nonverbal Dimensions: Creating Listening Environments Communication Settings • Space and Communication • Time as a Communication Variable • Listening Environment and Online Responses Summary Applications Application 1: Expand Your Comfort Zone • Application 2: Develop Your Assertive Skills • Application 3: Practice Supportive Responses • Application 4: Create Supportive Listening Environments Responding to Messages: Short Cases Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: The Process of Responding References and Recommended Reading PART III Listening: Relationships and Challenges CHAPTER 9 Listening Relationships Outline Chapter Objectives Listening Relationships Relationships in the Family Listening to Your Partner or Spouse • The Skills of Listening to Your Partner Listening to Children The Skills of listening to Children • Listening Across Generations • The Skills of Listening Across Generations • The Skills of Listening Through Social Media Educational Relationships Listening in the Classroom • The Skills of Listening in the Classroom • Listening to Presentations • The Skills of Listening to Presentations • The Skills of Listening When Being Coached Helping Relationships Listening in the Counseling Interview • Listening to a Friend in Trouble • Listening in Health Care • The Skills of Listening in Health Care Work Relationships Listening to Employees • The Skills of Listening to Employees • Coaching Your Employees • Listening to Supervisors • The Skills of Listening to Supervisors: Following Directions • Listening in Small Groups and Teams • Listening to Rumor • The Skills of Listening to Rumor Summary Applications Application 1: Listen to Members of Your Family • Application 2: Listen in Educational Relationships and Presentations • Application 3: Listen in Helping Relationships • Application 4: Listen in Organizational Contexts Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: Listening Relationships References and Recommended Reading CHAPTER 10 Listening Challenges Outline Chapter Objectives In the News: The Listening Challenges of Cyberbullying The Challenge of Listening in High-Technology Environments Suggestions for Listening in High-Technology Environments The Challenge of Global Listening Suggestions for Effective Global Listening The Challenge of Listening Between Genders Verbal Differences in Gender Communication • Nonverbal Differences in Gender Communication • Suggestions for Effective Cross-Gender Listening The Challenge of Ethical Listening Suggestions For Ethical Listening Summary Applications Application 1: Meet the Challenges of Listening in High-Technology Environments • Application 2: Meet the Challenge of Global Listening • Application 3: Meet the Challenge of Listening Across Gender • Application 4: Meet the Challenge of Ethical Listening Challenging Assumptions Personal Journal: Listening Challenges References and Recommended Reading Name Index Subject Index