Despite having ordinary to above-average intelligence and adequate educational opportunities, dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person's ability to read, write, and spell.
It is a condition that affects a person's ability to comprehend and recognize written language throughout their lifetime. Dyslexia is a specific difficulty in processing phonological information, which is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language.
It is not related to a lack of intellect, vision problems, or a lack of effort in learning to read.
Common dyslexia characteristics and symptoms may include:
- Difficulties with reading accuracy: People with dyslexia frequently struggle with word recognition and frequently misinterpret or have trouble decoding unfamiliar words.
- Slow reading speed: Individuals with dyslexia may read slowly and laboriously because they require more time to comprehend and decode written text.
- Poor spelling and writing skills: Dyslexia can also impair a person's ability to correctly spell words and communicate in writing.
- Phonological awareness is the capacity to recognize and manipulate the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken language. People with dyslexia may struggle with rhyming, segmenting sounds within words, and blending sounds to create words.
- Challenges with fluency: Reading fluently, or effortlessly, can be challenging for individuals with dyslexia, as they may struggle with word recognition and decoding.
- Difficulties with reading comprehension: Although dyslexia predominantly affects decoding and word recognition, it can also impact reading comprehension, as individuals may expend a great deal of cognitive effort decoding words, leaving them with less mental capacity to comprehend the content.
It is important to observe that dyslexia exists on a spectrum, with varying degrees of severity between individuals. Early intervention and appropriate educational support can significantly aid those with dyslexia in developing strategies to surmount their reading and writing difficulties. To facilitate learning and enhance reading skills, these interventions may include specialized reading programs, individualized instruction, and assistive technologies. Many individuals with dyslexia can live fruitful and fulfilling lives if they receive the proper support and accommodations.