Mahabhasya de Patanjali. Paspasa by Michel Angot
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Mahabhasya de Patanjali. Paspasa

Mahabhasya de Patanjali. Paspasa


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English summary: The Mahabhasya, by the second-century BCE linguist Patanjali, is one of the foundational texts of Sanskrit linguistics, and established the norms and parameters of future studies on the subject, providing an essential grammar and exegetical commentaries on other texts. The present French translation is accompanied by extensive notes and commentaries. French description: Le Mahabhasya est le commentaire du linguiste Patanjali sur les Karika de Katyayana et l'Astadhyayi de Panini redige au milieu du IIe siecle av. J.-C. par un auteur dont nous connaissons seulement le nom. Plus d'un millenaire plus tard, sur la base d'un mythe, on a associe le nom Patanjali a l'auteur anonyme du Yogasutra: l'un avait purifie le domaine de la parole, l'autre celui de l'esprit. Mais il est sur que l'auteur du Mahabhasya n'a rien a voir avec le yoga: c'est un pur linguiste. Les trois auteurs (Panini, Katyayana et Patanjali) et les trois ouvrages constituent la base de la conscience linguistique dans le monde sanskrit, quelle que soient les preferences ideologiques et religieuses des auteurs. Ils forment le trimuni vyakaranam La Grammaire des trois sages. Le Mahabhasya est un ouvrage technique; il suppose connue l'Astadhyayi de Panini (vers le Ve siecle av. J.-C.) et les principaux problemes d'hermeneutique posee par ce texte. C'est donc un ouvrage de grammaire et d'exegese. De plus, ce nom Mahabhasya Grand Commentaire, donne par le linguiste Bhartrhari (Ve s. ap. J.-C.), en ne precisant pas la matiere commentee, montre la place unique que l'ouvrage occupe dans la litterature commentariale: il en est le modele. Avec Patanjali, la methode commentariale est fixee une fois pour toutes et, malgre la naissance d'autres savoirs, le Mahabhasya est demeure la norme en matiere de commentaire quelle que soit la nature du texte commente. Ces dernieres annees, l'interet pour le Sutra de Panini, proche dans une certaine mesure de l'esprit des programmes informatiques, a entraine une relative desaffection envers le Mahabhasya. Les travaux de S.D. Joshi et J.A.F. Roodbergen et ceux de P.-S. Filliozat, des entreprises d'envergure, ont ete interrompus si bien que le Mahabhasya n'est toujours pas traduit dans une langue europeenne. Ce faisant, on s'interessait plus aux ouvrages de Vyakarana tardif, ceux de Bhattoji Diksita (XVIIe siecle) et de Nagesa (XVIIIe siecle) notamment parce qu'en Inde les derniers erudits travaillent moins a partir de Panini et Patanjali que de Bhattoji, etc. Nous esperons renouer, avec d'autres, au renouveau des etudes sur le Mahabhasya, afin a terme de terminer le travail brillamment commence par P.-S. Filliozat. La Paspasa tient lieu d'introduction du Mahabhasya; c'est la seule section ou l'auteur parle sans commenter precisement le texte, exprime sa conception de la langue et de la grammaire. Sa moindre technicite permet au lecteur attentif de comprendre les bases de la problematique linguistique sanskrite. La Paspasa est chere aux pandits 'erudits' qui souvent la connaissaient par coeur, meme s'ils n'etaient pas des grammairiens professionnels. On y voit in nuce tous les problemes poses ulterieurement par la grande tradition linguistique en Asie du Sud, le tout servi par une langue classique, remarquablement precise, et temoignant d'une insigne intelligence du texte. Et surtout le texte reste comprehensible pour les lecteurs. L'auteur, en plus de la traduction (un travail deja bien realise par ses devanciers) a surtout porte son effort dans les notes pour expliquer le texte, pour en montrer l'epaisseur en terme de culture, et aussi de vie et de conscience.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782251720531
  • Publisher: Les Belles Lettres
  • Publisher Imprint: Les Belles Lettres
  • Language: French
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 8997 gr
  • ISBN-10: 2251720537
  • Publisher Date: 14 Nov 2017
  • Binding: Paperback
  • No of Pages: 256
  • Series Title: Collection Indika


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