Making Competitive Cities

The book investigates the impact on the competitiveness of cities developing creative industries (arts, media, entertainment, creative business services, architects, publishers, designers) and knowledge-intensive industries (ICT, R&D, finance, law). It provides significant new knowledge to the theoretical and practical understanding of the conditions necessary to stimulate "creative knowledge" cities. The editors compare the socio-economic developments, experiences and strategies in 13 urban regions across Europe: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Birmingham, Budapest, Dublin, Helsinki, Leipzig, Milan, Munich, Poznan, Riga, Sofia and Toulouse. These have different histories and roles; include capital and non-capital cities of different sizes; represent cities with different economic structures; and different cultural, political and welfare state traditions. Through this wide set of examples, Making Competitive Cities informs the debate about creative and knowledge-intensive industries, economic development, and competitiveness policies. It focuses on which metropolitan regions have a better chance to develop as "creative knowledge regions" and which do not, as well as investigating why this is so and what can policy do to influence change. Chapter authors from thirteen European institutions rigorously evaluate, reformulate and empirically test assumptions about cities and their potential for attracting creative and knowledge-intensive industries. As well as a systematic empirical comparison of developments related to these industries, the book examines the pathways that cities have followed and surveys both the negative and positive impacts of different prevailing conditions. Special Features: Analyses link between knowledge-intensive sectors and urban competitiveness Offers evidence from 13 European urban regions drawn from a major research project Establishes a new benchmark for academic and policy debates in a fast-moving field

Table of Contents:
Foreword by Professor Susan Fainstein, Harvard University Preface Contributors PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Making Competitive Cities: Debates and Challenges Sako Musterd and Alan Murie Debates and challenges Sectors Questions and theories Regions and sources Pathways, actors and policies References 2 The Idea of the Creative or Knowledge-Based City Sako Musterd and Alan Murie Essential conditions for competitive cities ‘Hard’ conditions theory Cluster theory Personal networks ‘Soft’ conditions theory Three parts References PART II PATHWAYS 3 Pathways in Europe Denis Eckert, Alan Murie and Sako Musterd Path dependency Initial expectations and comparisons The chapters to come References 4 Stable Trajectories Towards the Creative Knowledge City? Amsterdam, Munich and Milan Anne von Streit, Marco Bontje and Elena dell’Agnese Introduction The economic base and the creative knowledge economy Development path: roots and current conditions of the creative knowledge economy Development paths: a synthesis and conclusion References 5 Reinventing the City: Barcelona, Birmingham and Dublin Veronica Crossa, Montserrat Pareja-Eastaway and Austin Barber Introduction Historical context The trajectory of industrial development The state and policy intervention The challenge of soft factors Conclusions References 6 Institutional Change and New Development Paths: Budapest, Leipzig, Poznan, Riga and Sofia Tadeusz Stryjakiewicz, Joachim Burdack and Tamás Egedy Introduction Socio-economic characteristics of the study areas Development pathways shaping the city profiles and the role of the systemic change Determinants of development of the creative knowledge sector Conclusions Acknowledgements References 7 Changing Specialisations and Single Sector Dominance: Helsinki and Toulouse Hélène Martin-Brelot and Kaisa Kepsu Introduction Setting the context – Helsinki and Toulouse Pathways to knowledge-driven economies Knowledge driving economic development: sciences, industries and policies Future challenges Conclusion and discussion References PART III ACTORS 8 What Works for Managers and Highly Educated Workers in Creative Knowledge Industries? Sako Musterd and Alan Murie Introduction Three groups of actors and a range of conditions The following chapters References 9 Managers and Entrepreneurs in Creative and Knowledge- Intensive Industries: What Determines Their Location? Toulouse, Helsinki, Budapest, Riga and Sofia Evgenii Dainov and Arnis Sauka Introduction: places matter Cities and the creative class: major conceptual challenges Characteristics of the cities: a brief overview Location decisions: ‘individual trajectory’ considerations and ‘hard’ factors Location decisions: the role of ‘soft’ factors In-city location decisions Capital city versus provincial city location decisions Policymaking: ‘soft’, ‘hard’ or ‘other’? Conclusions and implications Acknowledgement References 10 Transnational Migrants in the Creative Knowledge Industries: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dublin and Munich Heike Pethe, Sabine Hafner and Philip Lawton Introduction Conceptualising transnational migrants and the creative class Places and potentials The attractiveness of European metropolitan regions Conclusion Acknowledgments References 11 Attracting Young and High-Skilled Workers: Amsterdam, Milan and Barcelona Montserrat Pareja-Eastaway, Marco Bontje and Marianne d’Ovidio Introduction Competing for young, highly skilled workers Young and highly-skilled workers in European cities The Amsterdam, Barcelona and Milan city-regions Conclusions References 12 Working on the Edge? Creative Jobs in Birmingham, Leipzig and Poznan Julie Brown, Robert Nadler and Michal Meczynski Introduction: creative work – precariousness, uncertainty and risk? Methodology Insecure, casualised or long-term, sustainable employment? Discussion Conclusions References PART IV POLICIES 13 What Policies Should Cities Adopt? Alan Murie and Sako Musterd Introduction What should cities do? European cities Which policy agendas? Networking policy The following chapters References 14 Strategic Economic Policy: Milan, Dublin and Toulouse Silvia Mugnano, Enda Murphy and Hélène Martin-Brelot Introduction Distinctive policy traditions Existing strengths in creative knowledge policy New strategic economic policy approaches Key actors in entrepreneurial cities Addressing barriers and obstacles Conclusion and new challenges References 15 Beyond Cluster Policy? Birmingham, Poznan and Helsinki Caroline Chapain, Krzysztof Stachowiak and Mari Vaattovaarra Introduction The cluster policy paradigm The state of the creative and knowledge economy Supporting the creative and knowledge economy: three approaches Conclusions Acknowledgments References 16 Policies for Firms or Policies for Individuals? Amsterdam, Munich and Budapest Zoltán Kovács, Heike Pethe and Manfred Miosga Introduction Do policies help in competition? – a theoretical framework Economic development and political conditions The creative and knowledge sector and policies enhancing its development Conclusions References 17 New Governance, New Geographic Scales, New Institutional Settings Bastian Lange, Marc Pradel i Miquel and Vassil Garnizov Introduction Conceptual prerequisites: understanding governance in creative and knowledge industries New governance dimensions Professionalisation – self-regulation and self-governance of new professions Towards new geographical scales? Governance approaches in Barcelona, Leipzig and Sofia Knowledge-intensive industries in regard to governance perspectives Conclusions Acknowledgements References PART V SYNTHESIS 18 Synthesis: Re-making the Competitive City Sako Musterd and Alan Murie Introduction A city is not a T-shirt Multi-layered cities: the importance of pathways Personal actor networks: key conditions New governance approaches Conclusion References Index