Preface

1. Overview -- Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque, Reinaldo farias Paiva de Lucena, Luiz vital Fernandes Cruz da Cunha and Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega Alves

METHODS AND QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUES

2. Preparation of qualitative research -- Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

3. Execution of the qualitative research: application of pre-tests, control and evaluation of data collection tools -- Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

4. Participant observation and Field Journal: When to Use and How to Analyze the data? -- Juliana Loureiro Almeida Campos and Taline Cristina da Silva

5. Audio and video recording techniques for ethnobiological research -- Simone De Hek and Ana Ladio

6. Discourse of the collective subject as a method for analysis of data in ethnobiological research -- Izabel Cristina Santiago Lemos, Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes, Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes, Geoge Pimentel Fernandes and Marta Regina Kerntopf

7. Qualitative data analysis -- Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

8. The meta-analytical and macroecological approach of Ethnobiology -- Tania Vianney, Leonardo Arellano Méndez, David Valenzuela Galván and Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

9. Collection and analysis of risks associated with environmental changes -- Regina Célia de Oliveira, Henrique Fernandes de Magalhães and Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque

10. Sensitivity to harvesting and Local Risk Indexes in Ethnobotanical research -- Juan Ochoa and Ana Ladio

11. The use of multivariate tools in the study of traditional resource management systems -- Cristina Baldauf and Nívea Dias dos Santos

12. Multidimensional analysis for testing conservation, ecological and ethnobiological hypotheses -- Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Fernando Rodrigues da Silva, Diogo Borges Provete, Michel Varajão Garey and Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL CHALLENGES

13. Ethnoecology in pluricultural contexts. Theoretical and methodological contributions -- Julio A. Hurrell, Pablo C. Stampella and María L. Pochettino.

14. Ethnobotany and ethnoecology applied to historical ecology -- Mariana Franco Cassino et al.

-- Viviane Stern da Fonseca Kruel, Peter Giovannini, Luciana Martins, Aloisio Cabalzar, Marlia Coelho Ferreira, Claudia Lopez, Dagoberto L. Azevedo, Rafaela Campostrini Forzza and Mark Nesbitt

16. Accessing the traditional knowledge on the use of cryptogams: some peculiarities and challenges -- Rafael Corrêa Prota dos Santos Reinaldo, Augusto César Pessôa Santiago, Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros and Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque

17. Ethical considerations and protocols in ethnoecological and ethnobiological research -- Natalia Hanazaki, Sofia Zank, Graziela Dias Blanco and Rafaela Ludwinski

18. Challenges in ethnozoological research -- Rômulo R.N. Alves

19. Methodology applied to Geographical Indication -- Angélica Sousa Santos, Lúcia Regina Rangel de Morais Valente and Maria Franco Trindade Medeiros

20. Recent advances in research methods and techniques: a critical analysis - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF RELATED AREAS

21. Chemical profile and antioxidant activity of natural products - - José Galberto Martins da Costa, Erlânio Oiveira de Sousa, Fabíola Fernandes Galvão Rodrigues, Sarah Soares Damasceno and Aline Augusti Boligon

22. Collection and extraction o
About the Author: Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque is graduate at Biological Sciences from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, master's at Plant Biology (Taxonomy and Ethnobotany) from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco and PhD at Plant Biology (Ethnobotany) from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Currently he is professor of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil) where he coordinates the Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social-Ecological Systems (LEA). He acts in the areas of ecological anthropology, ethnobotany, biodiversity conservation, applied botany, ethnopharmacology and natural products. He has a special interest to the comprehension of the factors that modulate the relation between people and biota on the interface of ecology and evolutive processes. He is member of editorial board of the Journal of Ethnobiology and Etnomedicine (Associate Editor), Economic Botany (Associate Editor) and Ethnobiology and Conservation (co-Editor in Chief).
Reinaldo Farias Paiva Lucena is graduate at Biological Sciences from Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, master's and PhD at botany from Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Currently he is professor of Universidade Federal da Paraiba (Northeastern Brazil). He acts in the areas of ethnobotany and environmental sciences.
Luiz Vital Fernandes Cruz da Cunha is graduate at Biological Sciences from Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, master's in plant biology at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco and PhD at Forest Sciences from Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Currently he is professor of Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil), were acts as director of the Institue of Health and Biological Sciences.
Rômulo R.N. Alves is graduate at Biological Sciences from Universidade federal da Paraiba, master`s and PhD at Zoology from Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Currently he is professor of Universidade Estadual da Paraiba (Northeastern Brazil). His areas of academic interest are ethnozoology and wildlife trade, uses and conservation, zootherapy, and human ecology. He has conducted ethnobiological research for the last ten years, which focuses on ethnozoology, particularly on fisheries, hunting, and wildlife trade and uses. In addition, he is one of the Editors-in-Chief of the journal Ethnobiology and Conservation and member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.