Professor Ray?s unique philosophy of science approach focuses on introducing students to the basics of science and the spirit that motivates many scientists, and helping students make the transition from outside observer of science to active participant. In meeting those goals, he has written a highly readable book that gives students a greater understanding of the techniques of science as well as the experience of doing science. Key Feature A section on pseudoscience and superstition has been added. The theme of differentiating science as performed by researchers with established research designs and published in peer-reviewed journals is differentiated from pseudoscience as one might find in advertising or on the Web without any evaluation. This theme has been continued throughout the text. New information on ethics. Research examples have been updated. This edition provides continued emphasis on philosophy of science and the nature of psychological research. New to this Edition In response to a number of faculty the ethics chapter was moved to become new Chapter 4. However, the ethics chapter as it is now written can be assigned by a faculty member to any place in the course. Table of Contents 1. What is Science? 2. Introduction to the Methods of Science. 3. Developing the Hypothesis. 4. Description of Behavior Through Numerical Representation. 5. Inferential Statistics: Making Statistical Decisions. 6. Testing the Hypothesis: A Conceptual Introduction. 7. Control: The Keystone of the Experimental Method. 8. Applying the Logic of Experimentation: Between-Subjects Designs. 9. Extending the Logic of Experimentation: Within-Subjects and Matched-Subjects Approaches. 10. The Ecology of the Experiment: The Scientist and Subject in Relation to Their Environment. 11. Quasi-Experimental, Correlational, and Naturalistic Observation Designs. 12. Single Subject Designs. 13. Questionnaires. Survey Research. And Sampling. 14. Ethics. 15. Sharing the Results. 16. Beyond Method. Appendix A: Guidelines to Reduce Biased Language in Scientific Writing. Appendix B: Printed Article. Appendix C: Article Manuscript. Appendix D: Tables.