Modelos de Caracterização de Impacte Ambiental para Escombreiras Reactivas
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Modelos de Caracterização de Impacte Ambiental para Escombreiras Reactivas

Modelos de Caracterização de Impacte Ambiental para Escombreiras Reactivas


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About the Book

Os locais de acumulação dos resíduos de actividade extractiva passada - escombreiras abandonadas - são o principal objecto de estudo. A caracterização do impacte ambiental (IA) que estas infra-estruturas desencadeiam no meio ambiente, em especial nos sistemas fluviais receptores da drenagem superficial, constituiu a principal motivação. Na unidade territorial alvo de estudo - Noroeste de Portugal - foi seleccionado um conjunto de áreas mineiras, que no âmbito do IA associado à actividade extractiva podem ser consideradas locais-chave representativos. Estes locais, podem por isso alcançar o estatuto de modelos, reflectindo assim, nesta valência, a qualidade ambiental da unidade territorial em apreço. Neste conjunto é dado destaque particular à escombreira da mina de Valdarcas, porque suscitou metodologias de caracterização particulares. Os restantes locais-chave - Cerquido, Cabração-Lourinhal, Carris e Adoria - são apresentados como exemplos paradigmáticos, que evidenciam a contribuição de diferentes descritores para a avaliação da qualidade ambiental. A caracterização das escombreiras e do meio ambiente por elas afectado é tratada no âmbito da geologia, mineralogia e biogeoquímica. A evolução dos resíduos tem maior amplitude nas escombreiras com sulfuretos reactivos, onde se formam águas de drenagem ácida, que são sede de formas de poluição peculiares. A compreensão da sua génese, a descrição das suas propriedades e a avaliação do seu impacte, suscitam a investigação de indicadores específicos. Assim, as relações de interacção mineral-água-biosfera são fundamentais e o seu estudo tem por base a caracterização físico-química e ecológica da drenagem. Outra perspectiva atende à análise paragenética das neoformações mineralógicas. Estas duas perspectivas complementam-se, permitindo a avaliação do potencial poluente associado a diferentes modelos de evolução paragenética dos resíduos de actividade extractiva. Em termos evolutivos, os sistemas são essencialmente supergénicos, mas os indicadores de impacte ambiental têm origem e natureza diversificadas. Além dos indicadores físico-químicos convencionais, assumem particular importância os ecológicos, relacionados com a diversidade e expansão de algas acidófilas, e também os mineralógicos decorrentes da precipitação e sedimentação a partir da drenagem ácida. A conjugação dos diversos indicadores, bem como a integração de outras componentes de caracterização relevantes, nomeadamente as relacionadas com o estado de reabilitação das escombreiras, a sua evolução topográfica, e o ordenamento do território nas áreas em que se inserem, conduziu ao desenvolvimento de sistemas de inferência, baseados em lógica difusa. Estes sistemas, por sua vez, sustentam a apreciação do impacte e da qualidade ambiental relacionados com escombreiras abandonadas, particularmente aquelas que manifestam estados evolutivos balizados pelos padrões regionais estabelecidos.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781500917876
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 279 mm
  • No of Pages: 320
  • Series Title: Portuguese
  • Sub Title: equilíbrio e evolução de resíduos de actividade extractiva
  • Width: 216 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1500917877
  • Publisher Date: 25 Aug 2014
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Portuguese
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 21 mm
  • Weight: 793 gr


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