Mosaics of Roger II in Sicily by Herbert Kessler
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Mosaics of Roger II in Sicily

Mosaics of Roger II in Sicily


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About the Book

English summary: This book on the Sicilian Norman mosaics has an unusual inception story. The ideas expressed in it were generated not primarily through library readings but rather through the direct observation of the mosaics themselves from the scaffolds in the Cappella Palatina and the Martorana in Palermo and the Cefalu Cathedral, as well as those in churches in the Greek East (Daphni, Nea Moni on Chios, St. Michael in Kiev, etc.). The aim, indeed, was to analyse all the mosaics from the greatest possible proximity. At the same time, digital photography, which has developed rapidly in the last twenty years, has been a crucial auxiliary. Seeing at close range has raised new questions that have placed the mosaic as an artistic technique in a broader context. For the first time, it has been possible to present a chemical analysis of tesserae (by Andreas Kronz ) from the Cappella Palatina. New observations on the artistic design and the craft production process of the mosaics, the organisation of the mosaic workshops and the economic conditions of the mosaic are up for debate. The present study is entirely focused on defining the artistic originality of Norman mosaics in comparison to Byzantine programmes and working methods. The common art-historical practice of seeking "influences and models" has been laid aside. The Martorana, the Cappella Palatina and Cefalu Cathedral are new and unprecedented creations of the Norman court, executed by master builders, sculptors and mosaicists a small proportion of whom were locally sourced, while many others originated from other parts of the Mediterranean region. Greek mosaicists, together with mosaicists probably brought to Sicily from Venice, Rome and elsewhere, formed part of a single workshop that utilized a common approach, common techniques and designs, and was responsible for the decoration of the vast wall surfaces at the three sites, executed between about 1135 and 1143/1148. The three Norman structures, all dating to the reign of Roger II, are virtually awash with mosaics and paintings, a sign of royal rhetoric that should be understood not as a continuation of local traditions but as a form of unsurpassable and unrepeatable conceptual art. King Roger's aim was to surpass all his predecessors with the power of his imperious rhetoric.All three programmes culminate in a powerful presentation of the celestial hierarchy ruled by the Pantocrator and seconded by archangels, prophets, apostles, saints and Church Fathers, and are characterized by a syncretic union of the Eastern and Western churches together with elements from Fatimid culture. Only the royal palace chapel has been additionally furnished with a programme of New and Old Testament scenes to which Herbert Kessler devotes a profound analysis. German description: Dieses Buch hat eine ungewohnliche Entstehungsgeschichte. Die Ideen haben sich nicht in erster Linie durch Lekture in der Bibliothek artikuliert, sondern in direktem Augenkontakt mit den Mosaiken auf den Gerusten der Cappella Palatina und der Martorana in Palermo sowie der Kathedrale von Cefalu, und auf den Gerusten in Kirchen im griechischen Osten (Daphni, Nea Moni auf Chios, St. Michael in Kiev) Mein Ziel war es in der Tat, alle Mosaiken aus grosst moglicher Nahe zu analysieren. Gleichzeitig war die digitale Fotografie, die sich in den letzten zwanzig Jahren rasant entwickelt hat, von entscheidender Bedeutung. Das Sehen aus der Nahe hat neue Fragen aufgeworfen, die das Mosaik als kunstlerische Technik in einen breiteren Kontext gestellt haben. Erstmals kann eine chemische Analyse einiger Tesserae aus der Cappella Palatina vorgelegt werden, die Andreas Kronz verdankt wird. Neue Beobachtungen uber das kunstlerische Design und den handwerklichen Herstellungsprozess der Mosaiken, uber die Organisation der Mosaikwerkstatten und uber die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen des Mosaiks stehen zur Debatte. Meine Arbeit ist ganz auf die kunstlerische Originalitat der normannischen Mosaiken im Vergleich zu byzantinischen Programmen und Arbeitsweisen fokussiert. Die gangige Einfluss-und Vorbild-Kunstgeschichte wurde aus dem Spiel genommen. Die Martorana, die Cappella Palatina und Cefalu sind beispiellose Neuschopfungen des normannischen Hofes, die von Baumeistern, Bildhauern und Mosaizisten ausgefuhrt wurden, die zu einem geringen Teil aus der Region stammten, sondern aus dem gesamten Mittelmeerraum. Griechische Mosaizisten waren zusammen mit Mosaizisten, die vermutlich aus Venedig und Rom anderswoher herbeigeholt wurden, fur die Dekoration der riesigen Wandflachen verantwortlich, die zwischen etwa 1135 und 1143/1148 ausgefuhrt wurden. Die drei Gebaude der Zeit Rogers II. sind mit Mosaiken und Bildern geradezu uberschwemmt; dies ist nichts anderes als konigliche Rhetorik, die nicht als Fortfuhrung lokaler Traditionen, sondern als eine Form unubertrefflicher und unwiederholbarer Konzeptkunst zu verstehen ist. Konig Rogers Ziel war es, alle seine Vorganger mit der Macht seiner herrscherlichen Rhetorik zu ubertreffen. Alle Programme gipfeln in einer machtvollen Prasentation der himmlischen Hierarchie, die vom Pantokrator beherrscht und von Erzengeln, Propheten, Aposteln, Heiligen und Kirchenvatern sekundiert werden. Nur die konigliche Palastkapelle ist zusatzlich mit einem Programm aus neu- und alttestamentlichen Mosaiken ausgestattet worden. Letzteren widmete Herbert Kessler eine tief schurfende Analyse.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783752000191
  • Publisher: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag
  • Publisher Imprint: Dr Ludwig Reichert
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 1038 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3752000198
  • Publisher Date: 31 Jan 2023
  • Binding: Hardback
  • No of Pages: 184
  • Sub Title: Visualizing Sacred Authority


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