Multiscale Methods: Bridging the Scales in Science and Engineering

Small scale features and processes occurring at nanometer and femtosecond scales have a profound impact on what happens at a larger scale and over an extensive period of time. The primary objective of this volume is to reflect the state-of-the-art in multiscale mathematics, modeling, and simulations and to address the following barriers: What is the information that needs to be transferred from one model or scale to another and what physical principles must be satisfied during the transfer of information? What are the optimal ways to achieve such transfer of information? How can variability of physical parameters at multiple scales be quantified and how can it be accounted for to ensure design robustness? The multiscale approaches in space and time presented in this volume are grouped into two main categories: information-passing and concurrent. In the concurrent approaches various scales are simultaneously resolved, whereas in the information-passing methods the fine scale is modeled and its gross response is infused into the continuum scale. The issue of reliability of multiscale modeling and simulation tools which focus on a hierarchy of multiscale models and an a posteriori model of error estimation including uncertainty quantification, is discussed in several chapters. Component software that can be effectively combined to address a wide range of multiscale simulations is also described. Applications range from advanced materials to nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), biological systems, and nanoporous catalysts where physical phenomena operates across 12 orders of magnitude in time scales and 10 orders of magnitude in spatial scales. This volume is a valuable reference book for scientists, engineers and graduate students practicing in traditional engineering and science disciplines as well as in emerging fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, microelectronics and energy.

Table of Contents:
PREFACE ; 1. INFORMATION-PASSING MULTISCALE METHODS IN SPACE ; 1. Mixed multiscale finite element methods on adaptive unstructured grids using limited global information ; 2. Formulations of Mechanics problems for materials with self-similar multiscale microstructure ; 3. N-scale Model Reduction Theory ; 2. CONCURRENT MULTISCALE METHODS IN SPACE ; 4. Concurrent Coupling of Atomistic and Continuum Models ; 5. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics: Concurrent Multiscale Simulation at Finite Temperature ; 6. Atomistic to continuum coupling ; 3. SPACE-TIME SCALE BRIDGING METHODS ; 7. Methods of Systematic Upscaling ; 8. Equation-free computation: an overview of patch dynamics ; 9. On multiscale computational mechanics with time-space homogenization ; 4. ADAPTIVITY, ERROR ESTIMATION AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION ; 10. Estimation and Control of Modeling Error: A General Approach to Multiscale Modeling ; 11. Error Estimates for Multiscale Methods for Multiphysics Problems ; 5. MULTISCALE SOFTWARE ; 12. Component Software for Multiscale Simulation ; 6. SELECTED MULTISCALE APPLICATIONS ; 13. Finite Temperature Multiscale Methods for Silicon NEMS ; 14. Multiscale materials ; 15. From Macroscopic to Mesoscopic Models of Chromatin Folding ; 16. Multiscale Nature Inspired Chemical Engineering