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Odysseia Destani

Odysseia Destani


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About the Book

Odysseia'nin MO 800 ila 600 yillari arasinda yazildigi dusunulmektedir. Manzum eser Ilyada'nin devami niteligindedir ve Yunan kahraman Odysseus'un Truva'nin dususunden sonra vatani Ithaka'ya yaptigi maceralarla dolu uzun yolculugu anlatir. 10 yil suren savastan sonra Odysseus'un Ithaka'ya donmesi 10 yilini alir, ve bu 20 yillik uzakliginda oglu Telemachus ve karisi Penelope ulkeyi yonetmek ve Penelope ile evlenerek (Odysseus'un oldugu iddia edilmektedir) Ithaka'nin hukumdari olmak isteyen bir grup soylu ile mucadele etmek zorundadirlar. Siir Bati edebiyatinin ve kulturunun temel eserlerinden sayilir, ve antik Yunan kulturune isik tutan en onemli kaynaklardan biridir. Odysseia, Truva'nin dusmesinden 10 yil sonra Odysseus'un Ithaca'ya evine donunceye kadar maceralarini anlatir. Ilyada 10 yil suren Truva Savasi, Odysseia, 10 yil boyunca Odysseus'un basindan gecenlerden ibarettir. Ilyada, bir olayi, Odysseia ise bir kisinin destanini anlatir. Truva Destaninda olaylar birbirini izleyecek sekilde anlatilir. Halbuki, Odysseia'da olaylar anilar, geriye donusler, atlamalarla canlandirilir. Bati dillerindeki Ulysses'nin turedigi Latince Ulyxes, yigidin bir Yunan lehcesinden alinmis adidir. Odysseus (Ulysses, Ulis), kuzeybati Yunanistan kiyilarinin karsisinda bulunan Ithaca (Ithaka, Ithake) adasinda dogdu. Babasinin adi Learthes, anasinin adi Antikleia idi. Yalan dolanda usta Autolykos'un kizi olan Antikleia'nin Learthes ile evlenmeden once Sisyphos ile yattigi, Odysseus'un bu birlesmeden dogdugu da soylenir. Odysseus'un gencligi, Akhilleus'unki gibi hekim Kheiron'un yaninda gecti. Birgun Odysseus, dedesi Autolykos'a konuk olarak gitti. Orada bir yaban domuzu avina katildi ve bacagindan yaralandi. Iste, Truva Savasi sona erdikten sonra, bir 10 yil daha turlu maceralar gecirerek Ithake'ye dondugunde, dadisi Eurykleia tarafindan yasli Odysseus'un taninmasini saglayacak yara izi, bu yara izidir. Truva Savasina katilmadan once Odysseus, Ithake tahtina cikti ve kral oldu. Babasi Learthes'in oglunu tahta nasil gecirdigi pek anlatilmaz. Ama kral olunca bir es secmesi olayli oldu. Hemen dunyanin en guzel kizi Helena'ya talip oldu ama guzel kizin taliplilerinin coklugundan urkerek ondan vazgecip, Helena'nin babasinin kardesi Ikarios'un kizi Penelope'u (Penelopeia) istedi. Tyndereos'un ise akli karmakarisik oldugundan Odysseus'un bu yaklasimini once begenmedi. Odysseus ise Penelope'u almak icin sartini soyledi. Tyndereos'u dustugu durumdan kurtaracak, buldugu cozumle kimse arasinda kavga olmayacakti. Bu arada Tyndereos'un kizini turlu prensler, krallar ve savascilar istiyorlar, turlu hediyeler gonderiyorlardi. Tyndereos da onlarin kalplerini kirip bir felakete yol acmamaya calisiyordu. Sonunda Tyndereos, Penelope'u vermeye razi olunca Odysseus fikrini soyledi: Kocasini Helena kendisi secsin ama her kimi secerse diger tum talipliler bunu sorun etmeyecek ve Helena'nin kendine sececegi kocaya her zaman arka cikmaya ant icecekti. Tyndareos, fikri begendi ve is kizin secimine birakildi. Ikarios once herkesi yemin etmeye cagirdi. Herkes yemin etti, Odysseus dahil. Dunyanin en guzel kizi Helena, kocasi olarak Agamemnon'un kardesi Menelaos'u secti. Herkes karara saygi duydu ve kabul etti. Herkesce edilen bu yemin, ileride on yil surecek olan "Truva Savasi"na yol acacakti.
About the Author: HOMEROS, M.O. 8. yuzyilda Izmir'de veya Sakiz Adasi'nda yasadigi sanilan Homeros, Yunan duygu ve dusuncesinin ilk urunleri olan Ilyada ve Odysseia adli destanlarin derleyicisidir. Troya Savasi'na iliskin soylenceleri toplayan Ilyada'da, eski Yunanlilarin gelenek ve gorenekleri, dini ve felsefi inanclari ve Canakkale'nin tarihi cografyasi hakkinda onemli bilgiler vardir. Konusu, kurulusu ve anlatim yontemleri bakimindan Ilyada'dan farkli olan Odysseia'da ise Troya'nin yikilisindan sonra, yurdu Ithake'ye donmek uzere yola cikan Akha onderlerinden Odysseus'un 10 yil suren yolculugu sirasinda basindan gecen olaylar anlatilir. Bu destanda da ayni turden bilgilere rastlamak mumkundur. M.O. 4. yuzyilda Atina'da yaziya aktarilan Homeros Destanlarindaki dini anlayis, Atinalilar tarafindan aynen benimsenmis ve Ilyada ve Odysseia, Yunan egitiminin temeline yerlestirilmistir. Bunlarin Yunan toplumundaki islevi, M.O. 4. yuzyilda Platon'un Devleti'nde elestirilinceye dek hic sorgulanmamistir.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781986377522
  • Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Publisher Imprint: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 400
  • Spine Width: 23 mm
  • Weight: 634 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1986377520
  • Publisher Date: 09 Mar 2018
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Turkish
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: [resimli]
  • Width: 152 mm

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