Opiumwirtschaft und 'hawala' in Afghanistan by Benjamin Schaffner
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Opiumwirtschaft und 'hawala' in Afghanistan

Opiumwirtschaft und 'hawala' in Afghanistan


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About the Book

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Ethnologie / Volkskunde, Note: 1,0, Freie Universität Berlin (Institut für Ethnologie), Veranstaltung: Ökonomische Anthropologie informeller Werttransfersysteme, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Seit 1978 dauern in Afghanistan Konflikte an. Beginnend mit der kommunistischen Saur Revolution, der Invasion der Sowjetunion 1979 und dem anschliessenden Bürgerkrieg bis 1992 mit vielen tausend Flüchtlingen und der sowjetischen Einflussnahme auf politische Strukturen, setzt sich dies bis heute fort. In den Jahren folgte eine Zersplitterung des Landes mit regionalen Konflikten und dezentralisierten politischen Strukturen bis 1995 das Taliban-Regime ein Gewaltmonopol durchzusetzen versuchte, transnationale religiöse Netzwerke stärkte und Afghanistan von internationalen Sanktionen betroffen war. Die lange Phase dieser Konflikte in Afghanistan zerstörte die ohnehin wenig entwickelte Infrastruktur, ihre Wirtschaft, Institutionen und Auskommen. Traditionelle Existenzgrundlagen wurden zusehends durch informelle, insbesondere Opiumanbau und -handel, ersetzt. Die bestehende Lücke des nur ungenügend vorhandenen formalen Finanzsektors wurde durch das informelle Werttransfer System hawala gefüllt, welches unter anderem für Geldtransfers durch die Opiumwirtschaft genutzt wird. Der finanzstärkste Wirtschaftszweig Afghanistans umgeht somit das strukturschwache offizielle Bankensystem und ermöglicht kaum staatliche Kontrolle und Teilhabe. Nationale und internationale Bestreben für eine ökonomisch und politisch zentrale Entwicklung in Afghanistan verlaufen insbesondere aufgrund dieser informellen und illegalen Faktoren äußerst schwierig. Der Opiumanbau sowie das Transfersystem hawala sind in vielerlei Hinsicht zentrale Merkmale der afghanischen Gesellschaft und ihrer Entwicklung. Deren Einbettung und Ausmaß in der Kultur und Wirtschaftsstruktur Afghanistans will ich in der folgenden Arbeit erläutern. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werde ich eine kurze hi


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783640482207
  • Publisher: Grin Publishing
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 2 mm
  • Weight: 100 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3640482204
  • Publisher Date: 01 Dec 2009
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 28
  • Series Title: German
  • Sub Title: Struktur, Einbettung und Entwicklungsfaktoren
  • Width: 148 mm


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