Africa's modern history is replete with different forms of encounters and conflicts. From the fifteenth century when millions of Africans were forcefully taken away as slaves during the infamous Atlantic slave trade; to the colonial conquests of the nineteenth century where European countries conquered and subsequently balkanized Africa and shared the continent to European powers; and to the postcolonial era where many African leaders have maintained several instruments of exploitation, the continent has seen different forms of encounters, exploitations and oppressions. These encounters and exploitations have equally been met with resistance in different forms and at different times. The mode of Africa's encounters with the rest of the world have in several ways, shaped and continue to shape the continent's social, political and economic development trajectories. Essays in this volume have addressed different aspects of these phases of encounters and resistance by Africa and the African Diaspora.

While the volume document different phases of oppression and conflict, it also contains some accounts of Africa's resistance to external and internal oppressions and exploitations. From the physical guerilla resistance of the Mau Mau group against British colonial exploitation in Kenya and its aftermath, to efforts of the Kayble group to preserve their language and culture in modern Algeria; and from the innovative ways in which the Tuareg are using guitar and music as forms of expression and resistance, to the modern ways in which contemporary African immigrants in North America are coping with oppressive structures and racism, the chapters in this volume have examined different phases of oppressions and suppressions of Africa and its people, as well as acts of resistance put up by Africans.

Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair Professor in the Humanities and a Distinguished Teaching Professor at The University of Texas at Austin. A celebrated scholar of global stature, Prof. Falola has published numerous books and essays in diverse areas. He has received various awards and honors, including the Jean Holloway Award for Teaching Excellence, the Texas Exes Teaching Award and seven honorary doctorates. He is the Series Editor of "Carolina Studies on Africa and the Black World", among several others.

Kenneth Kalu is Assistant Professor at Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. He received his PhD from Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Kalu's research interests revolve around Africa's political economy. He is particularly interested in examining the nature, evolution and interactions of economic and political institutions, and how these institutions shape the business environment and economic growth in Africa. His essays have appeared in several academic journals and edited volumes. Kenneth has held senior executive positions in the public and private sectors in Nigeria and Canada.