This book covers the advanced fabrication techniques, challenges, and applications of photonic crystals for next-generation systems in various applications such as high-speed networks, photonic integrated circuits, health care, sensors, energy, and environmental. This book highlights the literature and works put forward by various scientists, researchers, and academicians in photonic crystals and their real-time applications. The content of the book appeals to readers such as students, researchers, and industrial engineers who are working in the design and development of photonics-based concepts, components, and devices for various applications.

Dr. Shanmuga Sundar Dhanabalan works as a researcher in Functional Materials and Microsystems group at School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. He has completed his postdoctoral research at the Department of Physics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. His research area focuses on materials, optics and photonics, flexible and stretchable electronics, and biosensors. Dr. DSS has completed his Doctorate in Flexible Electronics at Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He received a project fund of $81.624.000 CLP from FONDECYT (Chilean government) for the project titled "Fabrication of flexible siloxane-based organic Light Emitting Diodes" as a principal investigator at the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. He also received funding from the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme of Government of India (TEQIP-II) for his doctoral research work. He is a fellow member of the Optical Society of India, International Association of Engineers, and Indian Society of systems for Science and Engineering. He serves as a chairperson, a keynote speaker, and a technical member of various conferences across the world. He serves as a guest editor in reputed journals such as IEEE, Elsevier, and Springer. He has published research articles in referred international journals and filed a patent. He also published book chapters and edited a book. He has presented his work in various national and international conferences.

Dr. Arun Thirumurugan is a researcher at the University of ATACAMA working on the development of magnetic nanocomposite for energy storage and biological applications. He has completed his Ph.D. (2010-2015) at the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Tiruchirappalli, India. He has worked as a postdoctoral fellow (2015-2017) at the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India, and then worked as a FONDECYT postdoctoral fellow (2017-2020) at the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. His research interests are synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles, surface modification of nanomaterials for the potential applications in detoxification, photocatalyst, energy storage, and biomedical applications. Dr. Thirumurugan acts as a reviewer for various journals from different eminent publishers. He is editing a topical issue on magnetic nanomaterials and carbonaceous nanocomposites in the Frontiers publishing group. He is also editing a book on Electron Microscopy for a non-expert to Springer. He published more than 72 international journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings.

Dr. Ramesh Raju is a staff scientist at Aalto University. His research focuses on III-V materials growth and fabrication for optoelectronics applications and 2D materials growth and fabrication for photonics applications. During His Ph.D. at Anna University, Chennai, India. His research focused on III-Nitride materials growth by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) for optoelectronics applications. After obtaining his Ph.D. degree, he moved to China, where he worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Nanophotonics Laboratory, College of Physics, Hunan University (HNU), China. At HNU, he designed the growth setup for 2D material-based heterostructure for photonics applications. Since he is experienced in different growth, fabrication, and characterization skills, there is a natural scientific overlap with optoelectronics photonics, nanotechnology, and micro and quantum activities. In 2017, he started working with the optoelectronics and micro and quantum system group at Aalto University, Finland. At Aalto University, his research is towards III-Nitrides for optoelectronics and PEC water splitting applications. He published more than 35 research articles/conference proceedings based on his work in India and other international research at various universities. Dr. Ramesh Raju acts as a reviewer for various journals from different eminent publishers.

Dr Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj is a research professor at Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira (IPN-CICATA, Altamira). He received B.Sc. in Botany specialized in Industrial Microbiology, master's in Microbiology, and a postgraduate in Chemical Information Technology at Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, India. He obtained a Doctorate in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2010-2014) from The Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico, with a scholarship from the General Directorate of International Relations-Secretary of Public Education Mexico (SEP-Mexico). During the academic period, he received the Best Student Competition Award at Battelle's Second International Symposium on Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies (2013) in Jacksonville, Florida, USA. His thesis won the Best PhD. Thesis Award from the Mexican Hydrogen Society. His passion for sustainable natural systems triggers him to integrate his knowledge of the various fields to address the problems in the area of energy, environment, and health. He believes that a sustainable balance in the environment would lead to the wellness of the living being. He registered various patents in the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (IMPI) and technology transfer to the industries. He also has relationships with government agencies and the private sector for circumstantial decision-making. He served as a guest editor and a reviewer in international journals.

Dr. T. Sridarshini is currently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. She has completed her doctoral degree in the field of Photonics which mainly focuses on "Photonic crystals for passive optical components for optical communication systems" at Anna University, Chennai. Her areas of research are optical communication and networks and photonics. She has contributed about 20 papers in reputed international/national journals and 4 book chapters.