Part I: Measurements of Phototropism
1. Physiological Characterization of Phototropism in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Ken Haga and Taro Kimura
2. Assessing Negative and Positive Phototropism in Lianas
Shogo Kato
3. Determination of Phototropism and Polarotropism in Fern Protonemal Cells
Masamitsu Wada
4. Assays of Protonemal Growth Responses in Physcomitrella patens under Blue- and Red-light Stimuli
Sho Miyazaki, Masatoshi Nakajima, and Hiroshi Kawaide
5. An Experimental System for Examining Phototropic Response of Gametophytic Shoots in the Moss Physcomitrella patens
Liang Bao, Kotaro T. Yamamoto, and Tomomichi Fujita
6. Observation of Phototropic Responses in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Aino Komatsu, Ryuichi Nishihama, and Takayuki Kohchi
7. Measurement of Phototropism of the Sporangiophore of Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Luis M. Corrochano and Paul Galland
8. Quantitative Analysis of Tip Growth, Phototropic Responses and Other Blue Light-Dependent Photoresponses of Vaucheria
Hironao Kataoka
9. A Simple Procedure to Observe Phototropic Responses in the Red Seaweed Pyropia yezonensis
Megumu Takahashi and Koji Mikami
10. Determination of Phototropism by UV-B Radiation
Lucas Vanhaelewyn, Dominique Van Der Straeten, and Filip Vandenbussche
Part II: Analysis of Auxin
11. New-Generation Chemical Tools for the Manipulation of Auxin Biosynthesis, Action, and Transport
Kosuke Fukui and Ken-ichiro Hayashi
12. Determination of Auxin Flow during Phototropic Responses Using Fluorescent Auxin Analogs
Tatsuya Sakai
13. Immunolocalization of IAA Using an Anti-IAA-C Antibody Raised against Carboxyl-Linked IAA
Takeshi Nishimura and Tomokazu Koshiba
Part III: Miscellaneous Methods
14. Measurements of Photoreaction and Kinase Activity of Phototropin, a Photoreceptor Protein for Tropic Response in Plants; Involvement of Kinase Activity in the Photosensitivity of Tropic Response
Koji Okajima and Satoru Tokutomi
15. Cytoskeleton Observation in Phototropism and Polarotropism of Adiantum Protonema
Masamitsu Wada
16. Grafting as a Tool for Study of Phototropism in Phycomyces
Atsushi Miyazaki and Tamotsu Ootaki
17. Preparation of a Spaceflight Experiment to Study Tropisms in Arabidopsis Seedlings on the International Space Station
Joshua P. Vandenbrink and John Z. Kiss
18. How to Investigate the Role of the Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton in Organ Straightening
Haruko Ueda and Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
19. Quantitative Measurements of Curvature along the Growth Axis in Tropic Responses Using Free Software Environments
Kotaro T. Yamamoto and Ken Haga