Porcine Endogene Retroviren Und Xenotransplantation by Alexander Karlas
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Porcine Endogene Retroviren Und Xenotransplantation

Porcine Endogene Retroviren Und Xenotransplantation


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About the Book

Der anhaltende Engpass an Allotransplantaten macht die Suche nach einer geeigneten Alternative dringend notwendig. Ein Losungsansatz besteht in der Transplantation porciner Zellen oder Organe auf den Menschen. Derartige Xenotransplantation en bergen momentan jedoch noch etliche Risiken, wie immunologische Abstossungsreaktionen oder physiologische Unvertraglichkeiten. Zudem besteht die Gefahr einer Ubertragung von porcinen Mikroorganismen auf den humanenRezipienten. Im Unterschied zu den meisten bakteriellen und viralen Erregern des Schweins, die durch Zucht unter keimfreien Bedingungen eliminiert werden konnen, ist das Genom der porcinen endogenen Retroviren (PERV) mit zahlreichen Kopien stabil im Genom des Schweins integriert. Phylogenetisch verwandte Retroviren, wie die Leukamieviren der Maus (MuLV) und der Katze (FeLV) induzieren im infizierten Tier Leukamien, Tumore und Immundefizienzen und zeigen somit das Gefahrdungspotential einer moglichen PERV-Infektion humaner Rezipienten. Um Xenotransplantationen in Zukunft sicherer gestalten zu konnen, wurde erstmals das Potential des relativ neu entdeckten Phanomens der RNA-Interferenz hinsichtlich einer antiviralen Strategie gegen die Replikation von PERV analysiert: Mittels Transfektion von unterschiedlichen siRNAs gelang es, eine geeignete Target-Sequenz innerhalb des PERV-Genoms zu identifizieren.Ausgehend von dieser siRNA-Sequenz wurde ein Plasmid mit einer shRNA-Expressionskassette konstruiert, das nach stabiler Transfektion eine starke und dauerhafte Hemmung der PERV-Expression hervorrief. Sowohl die mRNA, die viralen Proteine und vor allem die Menge freigesetzter infektioser Viruspartikel waren reduziert. Fur die Herstellung transgener Schweine mit verminderter PERV-Expression empfie hlt sich der Einsatz lentiviraler Expressionsvektoren, um die shRNA-Expressionsk assette effektiv in porcine Blastocysten transferieren zu konnen. Es gelang, ein entsprechendes auf HIV-1 basierendes lentivirales Vektorsystem herzustellen. D urch Infektion mit solchen nicht-replizierenden Viren konnte die Expression von PERV in humanen, aber auch in primaren porcinen Zellen um 90 % inhibiert werden. Somit konnte erstmals die Hemmung endogener Retroviren mittels RNA-Interferenz gezeigt werden. Mit diesen Ergebnissen ist derGrundstein fur die Herstellung entsprechender transgener Tiere gelegt. Durch die Klonierung und Expression des p27Gag-Proteins und der Generierung spezifischer Antikorper gegen das rekombinante Gag-Protein, der Klonierung und Sequenzierung eines PERV-A/C Molekularklons, sowie der Durchfuhrung mehrerer in vivo Infektionsversuche mit PERV wurden weitere Vorrausetzungen geschaffen, um das Risikopotential zukunftiger Xenotransplantationen hinsichtlich einer Virustransmission mit den porcinen endogenen Retroviren besser einschatzen zu konnen.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783832511654
  • Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Evaluierung Des Infektionsrisikos Und Strategien Zur Hemmung Der Virusreplikation Mittels Rna-Interferenz
  • Width: 145 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3832511652
  • Publisher Date: 20 Mar 2006
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 177
  • Spine Width: 0 mm
  • Weight: 750 gr


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