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Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes

Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes


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About the Book


Uses simple, concise language suitable for an introductory level course
Discusses calculations of potential, internal, kinetic, and enthalpy changes
Reviews biochemical and electrochemical fields
Presents end-of-chapter problems, examples, and case studies
Features a CD-ROM with educational software and additional exercises
Includes a solutions manual for qualifying course adoptions
A Primer on Basic Skills Required by Chemical Engineers
Written in a clear, concise style, Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes provides an introduction to the basic principles and calculation techniques that are fundamental to the field. The text focuses on problems in material and energy balances that arise in relation to problems involving chemical reactors and introduces numerical methods used to solve these problems using simple software packages.
Upon mastery of this material, readers will be able to:
Understand basic processing terminology (batch, semibatch, continuous, purge, and recycle) and standard operations (reaction, distillation, absorption, extraction, and filtration)
Draw and fully label a flowchart for a given process description
Choose a convenient basis for calculation, for single- and multiple-unit processes
Identify possible subsystems for which material and energy balances might be written
Perform a degree of freedom analysis for the overall system and each possible subsystem, formulate and simplify the appropriate material and energy balance equations, and perform the necessary calculations
Apply the first law of thermodynamics, calculate energy and enthalpy changes using tabulated data and heat capacities, and construct energy balances on closed and open systems
Written as a text to fully meet the needs of advanced undergraduate students, it is also suitable as a reference for chemical engineers with its wide coverage across the biochemical and electromechanical fields. Each chapter of the text provides examples, case studies, and end-of-chapter problems. The accompanying CD-ROM contains educational software and additional exercises, and a solutions manual is available for qualifying course adoption.

Subjects of the book :

Engineering

Contents of the book :

Introduction  
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Definition of Chemical Engineering 
Material and Energy Balances 
Values, Units, and Dimensions 
Systems of Units
Unit Conversion 
Time 
Mass 
Length
Volume 
Density
Force
Pressure 
Energy
Power 
Weight
Dimensional Homogeneity 
Significant Figures 
Multiplication and Division 
Addition and Subtraction
Process and Process Variables 
Density, Mass, and Volume
Flow Rate
Moles and Molecular Weight 
Mass Fraction and Mole Fraction
Concentration 
Pressure 
Types of Pressure
Manometers for Pressure and DP Measurement
Temperature Measurement
Converting Temperatures 
Ideal Gas Law
Standard Temperature and Pressure
Process Classification 
Problems
Process Classification 
Types of Processes 
Unit Conversion 
Flowrate through Horizontal Pipe
Molar Flow Rate
Dimensional Homogeneity 
Calculation of Mass for Specific Gravity and Volume
Convert of Equation to Other Units 
Further Readings
Process Units and Degrees of Freedom Analysis 
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Degree of Freedom Analysis
Possible Outcomes of the DFA
Sources of Equations 
Process Units: Basic Functions 
Divider=Splitter 
Mixer (Blender) 
Dryer (Direct Heating) 
Filter 
Distillation Column
Evaporator
Dehumidification 
Humidifier 
Leaching and Extraction
Absorption (Gas Absorption) Desorption 
Partial Condenser 
Flash Vaporizer and Flash Distillation
Crystallizer 
Reactors (Chemical Reactor, Combustor, Furnace, and Reformer) 
Batch Reactor 
Plug Flow and Packed Bed Reactor
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor and Fluidized Bed Reactor  
Summary of Degree of Freedom Analysis 
Problems
Absorption of Acetone from Air 
Separation of Liquid Mixture 
Absorber–Stripper Process 
Filtration Processes 
Evaporation Processes
Further Readings
Material Balance in Single Unit Processes
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
General Material Balance Equation 
Material Balance Simplifications 
Flowcharts  
Note on Notation 
Problems Involving Material Balances on a Single Unit
Material Balance Fundamentals 
Classification of Processes
Based on How the Process Varies with Time
Based on How the Process was Designed to Operate
Types of Balances
Stream Specifications
Scaling
Basis for Calculation
Basis for Calculation
Method for Solving Material Balance Problems
Material Balance on Bioprocesses 
Problems
Separation of Ethanol–Methanol Process Stream
Wet Leather Drying Process 
Separation of Ethanol–Methanol–Propanol Mixture 
Ethanol–Water Separation
Mixing of Hydrochloric Acid with Water 
Removal of Acetone from Nitrogen Using an Absorber 
Separation of Benzene=Toluene Mixture
Dilution of Methanol Mixture 
Humidification Chamber
Absorption of Water from a Gas Mixture 
Drying of Wet Sugar 
Further Readings
Multiple-Unit Process Calculations  
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Multiple-Unit Process Calculations 
Recycle, Bypass, Makeup, and Purge
Recycle 
Bypass 
Purge
Makeup
Problems
Separations of Benzene, Toluene, Xylene Mixtures
Filtration Processes 
Concentration of Orange Juice 
Separation of NaCl and KCl Mixture
Sulfur Removal System
Separation of DMF–Nitrogen Mixture 
Separation of Benzene–Toluene Mixture
Separation of Potassium Nitrate 
Production of Instant Coffee
Further Readings
Material Balances in Reactive Processes 
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Amount of Substance in Moles 
Why Use the Mole? 
General Material Balance
Differential Balance 
Integral Balance
Stoichiometry Basics
Stoichiometric Equation
Stoichiometric Coefficients (ni) 
Stoichiometric Ratio
Limiting and Excess Reactants 
Fractional Conversion 
Methods of Solving Material Balances Involving Chemical Reactions
Extent of Reaction Method
Element or Atomic Balance Method
Molecular or Component Balance Approach 
Multiple Reactions and Extent of Reaction 
Degree of Freedom Analysis for Reactive Processes  
Molecular Species Balances and Extent of Reaction 
Atomic Species Balances
Independent Chemical Reactions
Independent Species Balances 
Chemical Equilibrium
Combustion Reactions 
Theoretical and Excess Air
Problems
Incomplete Combustion of Butane 
Complete Combustion of Butane
Methane Combustion
Burning Ethyl Ketone with Excess Air 
Roasting of Iron Pyrite
Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Production of Sulfuric Acid 
Further Readings
Multiple Systems Involve Reaction, Recycle, and Purge 
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Reaction with Product Separation and Recycle
Reaction with Recycle and Purge 
Flowsheet for Reaction with Recycle
Flowsheet for Reaction with Recycle and Purge
Reaction and Multiple-Unit Steady-State Processes 
Auxiliary Relationship 
Problems
Chemical Reactor Analysis
Laundry Detergent Synthesis Process
Butanol Production
Hydrodealkylation Process 
Uranium and Zirconium as Nuclear Fuels 
Further Readings
Energy Balance without Reaction 
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Enthalpy and Energy Balances
How Does Energy Move Across Systems?
Forms of Energy
Kinetic Energy (Ek) 
Potential Energy (Ep)
Internal Energy (U)
Intensive versus Extensive Variables 
Transfer of Energy
First Law of Thermodynamics 
Energy Balances on Closed Systems 
Possible Simplifications on Energy Balance in a Closed System 
Energy Balances in Open Systems at Steady State 
Possible Simplifications on Energy Balance in an Open System
Enthalpy Calculations 
Reference States and State Properties
Use of Linear Interpolation in Steam Tables
Enthalpy Change in Nonreactive Processes
Enthalpy Change as a Result of Temperature Change 
Enthalpy Change because of Phase Changes
Enthalpy Change because of Mixing
Energy Balance on Bioprocesses 
Psychrometric Chart
Summary on Energy Balances without Reactions
Problems
Vaporization of Liquid Methanol 
Heating of Propane
Expansion of Wet Steam
Open System Energy Balance (Heating of Methanol) 
Open System Energy Balance (Heating of Liquid Methanol)
Vaporization of Liquid n-Hexane 
Closed System Energy Balance (Heating of Acetone) 
Open System Energy Balance (Power Output of Turbine) 
Open System Energy Balance (Power Requirement of Compressor)
Further Readings
Energy Balances with Reaction  
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Introduction 
Heats of Reaction 
Heats of Reaction Using the Extent of Reaction
Notes on Heats of Reaction
Reactions in Closed Processes 
Measurement of Heats of Reaction
Hess’s Law
Calculating Heat of Reaction () from Heats of Formation 
Calculating DHr from Heats of Combustion
Energy Balances on Reactive Processes 
Heat of Reaction Method
Heat of Formation Method: Process Path
General Procedure for Energy Balances with Reaction 
Processes with Unknown Outlet Conditions 
Energy Balances in Bioprocess 
Problems
Estimation of Heat of Reaction
Production of Superheated Steam 
Ammonia Synthesis Process 
Catalytic Transalkylation of Toluene to Benzene
Combustion of Methane 
Anaerobic Yeast Fermentation
Further Readings
Combined Material and Energy Balances 
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Material Balances 
Conversion 
Yield 
Selectivity 
Extent of Reaction ()
Energy Balances 
Heat of Reaction Method
Heat of Formation Method 
Concept of Atomic Balances 
Mathematical Formulation of the Atom Balance 
Degree of Freedom Analysis for the Atom Balance 
Implementing Recycle on the Separation Process
Problems
Mixing of Hot and Cold Ethanol 
Combustion of Acetylene 
Dehydrogenation of Ethanol
Independent Chemical Reaction 
Cumene Synthesizes Process 
Dehydrogenation of Propane
Further Readings
Unsteady-State Material and Energy Balances 
At the End of This Chapter You Should Be Able to
Unsteady-State Material Balance
Unsteady-State Energy Balance
Problems
Fluid Flow from Storage Tank
Boiling of Water 
Heating Using Saturated Steam 
Heating a Solvent in a Stirred Tank 
Concentration of Reactant as a Function of Time 
Further Readings
Appendix 
Index


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781420080131
  • Publisher: CRC Press
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • Language: English
  • Series Title: English
  • Weight: 681 gr
  • ISBN-10: 142008013X
  • Publisher Date: 01 Sep 2008
  • Height: 232.5 mm
  • No of Pages: 400
  • Spine Width: 22.5 mm
  • Width: 155 mm


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