The chapters in this monograph present topics ranging from recent algorithmic developments to demanding applications that showcase the power of current quantum Monte Carlo methodologies. New challenges including the treatment of spin, non-adiabatic effects, non-bonded interactions, and
entanglement estimation are also presented along with a perspective on the state of the field. Quantum Monte Carlo methods have proved to be very successful in calculations of many-body quantum systems. The number of applications, as well as a variety of algorithms, is growing despite the fact that
the fermion sign problem imposes a significant and fundamental challenge on the efficiency of stochastic approaches in general. Quantum Monte Carlo methods allow for the solution of the many-body problem with advantageous scaling properties compared to variational basis set approaches. Both
fermionic and bosonic systems can be tackled in order to obtain ground state properties or ensemble averages in the context of statistical mechanics.

About the Author:
Shigenori Tanaka received his Bachelor of Science in physics from University of Tokyo in 1982 and his Ph.D. in physics from University of Tokyo in 1986. After a becoming a Young Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and serving two years as a Research Associate at
University of Tokyo, he joined Toshiba Research and Development Center in 1989. As a Visiting Associate, Tanaka also did research at California Institute of Technology from 1995-1996. Since 2004, he has been a Professor at Kobe University.

Pierre-Nicholas Roy received his Bachelor of Science in chemistry from McGill University in 1990 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the Université de Montréal in 1997. He spent one year as a Research Associate at the University of Chicago and then was a postdoctoral fellow at the Henry Eyring Centre
for Theoretical Chemistry of the University of Utah. He joined the faculty of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Alberta in 1999 as an Assistant Professor. There he began work on Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations of doped helium clusters and was promoted to Associate
Professor in 2005. He joined the Department of Chemistry of the University of Waterloo as a Professor in 2008, where he used PIMC to predict the superfluid properties of doped hydrogen clusters in collaboration with experimental groups. He has held the distinction of being a Tier 1 Canada Research
Chair in Quantum Molecular Dynamics since 2016.

Lubos Mitas obtained his Ph.D. at the Institute of Physics of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, in 1989. He spent his postdoctoral years in the group of D. M. Ceperley and R. M. Martin at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. He was awarded several Fellowships during his
career such as from ICTP (Trieste, Italy, 1988), NSERC (Ottawa, Canada, 1992), and NSF (US,1992). Presently, he is a Professor in the Department of Physics at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.