Segmentation of Hand Bone for Bone Age Assessment

1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the problem
1.3 Problem statements
1.4 Objectives of the book/brief
1.5 Scopes
1.6 Provided information and insights
1.7 Book Organization

2 The conventional segmentation methods
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Thresholding
2.2.1 Global Thresholding
2.2.2 Adaptive Thresholding
2.2.3 Dynamic Thresholding
2.2.4 Automated Thresholding
2.2.5 Summary
2.3 Edge-based
2.3.1 Edge Detectors
2.3.2 Edge linking
2.3.3 Summary
2.4 Region-based
2.4.1 Seeded Region Growing
2.4.2 Region Splitting and Merging
2.4.3 Summary

3 The advanced segmentation method
3.1 Hybrid-based
3.1.1 Watershed Segmentation
3.1.2 Summary
3.2 Deformable Model
3.2.1 Active Contour Model
3.2.2 Active Shape Model
3.2.3 Active Appearance Model
3.2.4 Summary

4 The possible solution
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Proposed Segmentation Framework
4.3 Pre-processing
4.3.1 The Proposed MBOBHE
4.3.1.1 Modeling of Criteria as Single Modal Objective Beta Function
4.3.1.2 Optimal Solution of the Aggregated Multiple Objectives Function
4.3.1.3 Histogram Decomposition
4.3.1.4 Execution of GHE on Each Sub-Histogram
4.3.2 The Application of Anisotropic Diffusion
4.3.2.1 Parameter-free Diffusion Strength Function 4.3.2.2 Automated Scale Selection
4.4 The Proposed Adaptive Crossed Reconstruction (ACR) Algorithm Design
4.4.1 Clustering Algorithm Applied in the Proposed Segmentation Framework
4.4.2 Automated Block Division Scheme in Adaptive Segmentation
4.4.2.1 The Framework of the Proposed Scheme
4.4.2.2 The Mechanism of the Automated Fuzzy Quadruple Division Scheme
4.5 Quality Assurance Process
4.5.1 Gray Level Intensity of Interest Identification for Elimination
4.5.2 Hand Bone Edge Detection Technique Using Entropy
4.5.3 The Area Restoration and Elimination Analysis
4.6 Summary

5 Result analysis and discussion
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Performance Evaluation of the Proposed MBOBHE
5.3 Anisotropic Diffusion in the Proposed Segmentation Framework
5.4 Segmentation Evaluation
5.4.1 User-specified parameters
5.4.1.1 Active Appearance Model 5.4.1.2 The Proposed Framework
5.4.1.3 Interpretation
5.4.2 Segmentation Accuracy
5.4.2.1 Evaluation on Automated Fuzzy Quadruple Division Scheme
5.4.2.2 Evaluation on Quality Assurance Process
5.4.2.3 Accuracy Evaluation of the Proposed Segmentation Framework
5.5 Summary

6 Conclusion and Recommendation
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Future works