The Snowden Reader

When Edward Snowden began leaking NSA documents in June 2013, his actions sparked impassioned debates about electronic surveillance, national security, and privacy in the digital age. The Snowden Reader looks at Snowden's disclosures and their aftermath. Critical analyses by experts discuss the historical, political, legal, and ethical issues raised by the disclosures. Over forty key documents related to the case are included, with introductory notes explaining their significance: documents leaked by Snowden; responses from the NSA, the Obama administration, and Congress; statements by foreign leaders, their governments, and international organizations; judicial rulings; findings of review committees; and Snowden's own statements. This book provides a valuable introduction and overview for anyone who wants to go beyond the headlines to understand this historic episode.

Table of Contents:
Foreword Sumit Ganguly Acknowledgments Editor's Note Abbreviations Introduction David P. Fidler Part I. Perspectives on the Snowden Disclosures 1. Security and Liberty: The Imaginary Balance Nick Cullather 2. Edward Snowden and the NSA: Law, Policy, and Politics Fred H. Cate 3. From Passivity to Eternal Vigilance: NSA Surveillance and Effective Oversight of Government Power Lee H. Hamilton 4. U.S. Foreign Policy and the Snowden Leaks David P. Fidler 5. Taking Snowden Seriously: Civil Disobedience for an Age of Total Surveillance William E. Scheuerman Part II. The Snowden Saga in Primary Documents A. Revelations and Reactions Unconstitutional Abuse of Power or Legitimate and Necessary Security Measures? NSA Programs under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 1. The Verizon Order 2. NSA PRISM and UPSTREAM Briefing Slides 3. Robert S. Litt, Director of National Intelligence, Speech at Brookings Institution 4. Amash-Conyers Amendment Debate, U.S. House of Representatives Hero or Villain? Persecuting a Defender of Human Rights v. Prosecuting a Criminal Suspect 5. Edward Snowden, Statement at the Moscow Airport 6. Attorney General Eric Holder, Letter to Russian Minister of Justice Rubber Stamp or Robust Tribunal? The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 7. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Order 2009 Made in the USA? NSA Surveillance and U.S. Technology Companies 8. NSA MUSCULAR Program Briefing Slide 9. Statement by Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer 10. Reform Government Surveillance: Open Letter from U.S. Technology Companies Friend and Foe? U.S. Espionage against Other Countries 11. NSA Briefing Slides on Brazilian President Dilma Roussef and Petrobas Oil Company 12. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, Statement on Economic Espionage and Foreign Intelligence 13. Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil, Statement to United Nations General Assembly 14. NSA Document on Cell Phone Surveillance of German Chancellor Angela Merkel 15. Wanted by the FBI 16. Chinese National Ministry of Defense Statement on U.S. Indictment of Chinese Military Officers A Secure and Reliable Cyberspace? The NSA, Encryption, and Exploits 17. NSA Classification Guide for Project BULLRUN on Defeating Encryption 18. NSA SIGINT Strategy, 2012-2016 19. James R. Clapper, Statements on NSA Cryptological Capabilities 20. NSA Briefing Slides on the QUANTUM Project 21. NSA Public Affairs Office Statement in Response to Press Allegations Norms of Responsible Behavior in Cyberspace? U.S. Cyber Operations 22. Presidential Policy Directive 20 on U.S. Cyber Operations Policy "Worse than the U.S."? Surveillance by the UK's Government Communications Headquarters 23. British Government Communications Headquarters TEMPORA Program 24. NSA Memo on the TEMPORA Program: "'The World's Largest XKEYSCORE'—Is Now Available to Qualified NSA Users" 25. British Parliament's Intelligence and Security Committee Statement on the U.S. PRISM Program 26. European Court of Human Rights, Big Brother Watch and Others v. United Kingdom B. Reviews and Recommendations U.S. Federal Court Decisions on NSA Programs 27. Klayman v. Obama: U.S. Federal Court Decision on the Telephone Metadata Program 28. ACLU v. Clapper: U.S. Federal Court Decision on the Telephone Metadata Program 29. United States v. Mohamud: U.S. Federal Court Decision on Section 702 of FISA Reports from U.S. Advisory Bodies 30. Executive Summary, Report of the President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies 31. Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board Report on Telephone Metadata Program and FISC 32. Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board Report on Section 702 of FISA Statements from International Institutions 33. Edward Snowden, Testimony to the European Parliament 34. European Parliament Resolution on US NSA Surveillance Program 35. United Nations Resolution on the Right to Privacy in the Digital Age C. Reforms and a Reflection 36. President Barack Obama, Remarks on Review of Signals Intelligence 37. U.S. House of Representatives, USA FREEDOM Act 38. Edward Snowden, One Year Later